Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.
Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.
Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Apr;35(3):573-584. doi: 10.1007/s10103-019-02851-z. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
The effectiveness of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and methylene Blue (MB) in treating learning and memory impairments is previously reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of tPBM and MB in combination or alone on unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Fifty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to five groups: control, laser sham + normal saline (NS), tPBM + NS, laser sham + MB, and tPBM + MB. All groups except the control underwent UCMS and were treated simultaneously for 4 weeks. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors. Novel object recognition (NOR) test and Barnes maze tests were used to evaluate learning and memory function. The serum cortisol and brain nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Behavioral tests revealed that UCMS impaired learning and memory, and treatment with PBM, MB, and their combination reversed these impairments. Levels of NO, ROS, SOD activity in brain, and serum cortisol levels significantly increased while brain GPx activity and total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in the sham + NS animals when compared with the controls. A significant improvement was observed in treatment groups due to reversion of the aforementioned molecular analysis caused by UCMS when it was compared with control levels. Both tPBM and MB in combination or alone have significant therapeutic effects on learning and memory impairments in UCMS-received animals.
先前已有研究报道，经颅光生物调节（tPBM）和亚甲蓝（MB）在治疗学习和记忆损伤方面的有效性。在这项研究中，我们研究了 tPBM 和 MB 联合或单独使用对不可预测性慢性轻度应激（UCMS）诱导的小鼠学习和记忆损伤的影响。55 只雄性 BALB/c 小鼠被随机分配到五组：对照组、激光假刺激+生理盐水（NS）组、tPBM+NS 组、激光假刺激+MB 组和 tPBM+MB 组。除对照组外，所有组均接受 UCMS 处理，并同时进行 4 周治疗。高架十字迷宫（EPM）用于评估焦虑样行为。新物体识别（NOR）测试和 Barnes 迷宫测试用于评估学习和记忆功能。通过分光光度法测量血清皮质醇和大脑中一氧化氮（NO）、活性氧（ROS）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的水平。行为测试显示，UCMS 损伤学习和记忆，而 PBM、MB 及其联合治疗可逆转这些损伤。与对照组相比，假刺激+NS 动物的大脑中 NO、ROS、SOD 活性水平以及血清皮质醇水平显著升高，而大脑 GPx 活性和总抗氧化能力显著降低。与对照组相比，由于 UCMS 引起的上述分子分析得到逆转，治疗组观察到显著改善。tPBM 和 MB 联合或单独使用对 UCMS 处理动物的学习和记忆损伤均具有显著的治疗效果。
