Alharbi Jalal, Jackson Debra, Usher Kim
School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia. E-mail.
Saudi Med J. 2019 Nov;40(11):1087-1097. doi: 10.15537/smj.2019.11.24569.
To provides a critical evaluation of current empirical evidence related to the prevalence, causes and outcomes of compassion fatigue among critical care nurses. Compassion fatigue is characterized the development of emotional, physical, and/or spiritual exhaustion as a result of working with traumatized individuals.
Data was collected using an integrated review framework via an advanced search of healthcare databases; namely, ProQuest, Science Direct, and CINAHL for research articles on compassion fatigue among nurses in critical care settings. Analysis was performed on the articles which met the inclusion criteria for this review (n=10) to identify the key themes and issues related to the compassion fatigue in critical care situations. Articles were assessed for quality and rigor using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. The search was limited to research studies undertaken from 2000 to 2018.
The main findings to emerge from this integrative review was that the prevalence of compassion fatigue among nurses varied across the range of critical care settings. In terms of the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue, this review found work environment and nurse demographics such as age and years of experience, were predictors of compassion fatigue, and the factors mitigating compassion fatigue affects among critical nurse included leader and administrative support within the clinical setting and the coping strategies employed by the nurses.
There is inconclusive evidence to identify unequivocal predictors of compassion fatigue among critical nurses. However, it is likely the onset of compassion fatigue among critical care nurses may be reduced with close monitoring of physical and emotional wellbeing in the critical care environment as well as through the provision of education to nurses to assist with the development of coping strategies to avoid compassion fatigue.
对当前有关重症监护护士同情疲劳的患病率、成因及后果的实证证据进行批判性评估。同情疲劳的特征是因与受创伤个体打交道而产生的情绪、身体和/或精神耗竭。
采用综合综述框架，通过对医疗保健数据库进行高级搜索来收集数据；具体而言，在ProQuest、ScienceDirect和CINAHL数据库中搜索关于重症监护环境中护士同情疲劳的研究文章。对符合本综述纳入标准的文章（n = 10）进行分析，以确定与重症监护环境中同情疲劳相关的关键主题和问题。使用分析性横断面研究的批判性评估清单对文章的质量和严谨性进行评估。搜索限于2000年至2018年进行的研究。
本次综合综述得出的主要发现是，护士同情疲劳的患病率在不同的重症监护环境中有所不同。在同情疲劳的成因和后果方面，本综述发现工作环境以及护士的人口统计学特征（如年龄和工作年限）是同情疲劳的预测因素，而减轻重症监护护士同情疲劳影响的因素包括临床环境中的领导和行政支持以及护士采用的应对策略。
尚无确凿证据确定重症监护护士同情疲劳的确切预测因素。然而，通过密切监测重症监护环境中的身心健康状况，以及为护士提供教育以帮助其制定应对策略来避免同情疲劳，可能会降低重症监护护士出现同情疲劳的几率。
