Castellanos Nazareth, Diez Gustavo G, Antúnez-Almagro Carmen, Bailén María, Bressa Carlo, González Soltero Rocío, Pérez Margarita, Larrosa Mar
Nirakara Lab, Institute of Research and Cognitive Science, Madrid, Spain.
Dementia Care Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jan 22;10:3142. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142. eCollection 2019.
Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle increases the incidence of chronic diseases that often have an associated loss of microbial diversity. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem in which microorganisms interact with each other in different ways; however, microbial ecosystem interactions are scarcely studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether individuals with a sedentary lifestyle have lower diversity in their gut microbiota and how microbial diversity is associated with changes in bacterial network interactions. For that purpose, diet, body composition, physical activity, and sedentarism behavior were characterized for individuals who did or did not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reorganization of microbial structure with lifestyle was approached from network analysis, where network complexity and the topology of positive and negative interdependences between bacteria were compared and correlated with microbial diversity. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with a diet low in fiber and rich in sugars and processed meat, as well as with high visceral and total corporal fat composition. The diversity (phylogenic diversity, Chao, observed species, and Shannon's index) and network complexity of the gut microbiota were significantly lower in sedentary compared to active individuals. Whereas mutualism or co-occurrence interactions were similar between groups, competitiveness was significantly higher in the active lifestyle group. The mutualism-competition ratio was moderate and positively associated with diversity in sedentary individuals, but not in active individuals. This finding indicates that there is a critical point in this ratio beyond which the stability of the microbial community is lost, inducing a loss of diversity.
体育锻炼通过预防多种疾病的发生来改善整体健康状况。近年来，人们观察到体育锻炼通过增加有益细菌的数量和微生物多样性来影响肠道微生物群。相比之下，久坐不动的生活方式会增加慢性病的发病率，而这些慢性病往往伴随着微生物多样性的丧失。肠道微生物群是一个庞大的生态系统，其中微生物以不同方式相互作用；然而，微生物生态系统的相互作用很少被研究。本研究的目的是确定久坐不动生活方式的个体肠道微生物群的多样性是否较低，以及微生物多样性与细菌网络相互作用的变化是如何关联的。为此，对符合或不符合世界卫生组织身体活动建议的个体的饮食、身体组成、身体活动和久坐行为进行了特征分析。通过16S rRNA基因测序确定肠道微生物组的组成。从网络分析的角度探讨了微生物结构随生活方式的重组，比较了细菌之间正、负相互依存关系的网络复杂性和拓扑结构，并将其与微生物多样性相关联。久坐不动的生活方式与低纤维、高糖和加工肉类的饮食显著相关，也与高内脏脂肪和总体脂肪组成相关。与活跃个体相比，久坐个体的肠道微生物群的多样性（系统发育多样性、Chao指数、观察到的物种数和香农指数）和网络复杂性显著较低。虽然共生或共存相互作用在两组之间相似，但活跃生活方式组的竞争性显著更高。共生-竞争比适中，在久坐个体中与多样性呈正相关，但在活跃个体中并非如此。这一发现表明，在这个比例上存在一个临界点，超过这个临界点，微生物群落的稳定性就会丧失，导致多样性的丧失。
