Ockleford Colin, Adriaanse Paulien, Hougaard Bennekou Susanne, Berny Philippe, Brock Theodorus, Duquesne Sabine, Grilli Sandro, Hernandez-Jerez Antonio F, Klein Michael, Kuhl Thomas, Laskowski Ryszard, Machera Kyriaki, Pelkonen Olavi, Pieper Silvia, Smith Robert, Stemmer Michael, Sundh Ingvar, Teodorovic Ivana, Tiktak Aaldrik, Topping Christopher J, Gundert-Remy Ursula, Kersting Mathilde, Waalkens-Berendsen Ine, Chiusolo Arianna, Court Marques Danièle, Dujardin Bruno, Kass Georges E N, Mohimont Luc, Nougadère Alexandre, Reich Hermine, Wolterink Gerrit
EFSA J. 2018 Jun 28;16(6):e05286. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5286. eCollection 2018 Jun.
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR Panel) prepared a scientific opinion to provide a comprehensive evaluation of pesticide residues in foods for infants and young children. In its approach to develop this scientific opinion, the EFSA PPR Panel took into account, among the others, (i) the relevant opinions of the Scientific Committee for Food setting a default maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg for pesticide residues in foods for infants and young children; (ii) the recommendations provided by EFSA Scientific Committee in a guidance on risk assessment of substances present in food intended for infants below 16 weeks of age; (iii) the knowledge on organ/system development in infants and young children. For infants below 16 weeks of age, the EFSA PPR Panel concluded that pesticide residues at the default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg for food for infants and young children are not likely to result in an unacceptable exposure for active substances for which a health-based guidance value (HBGV) of 0.0026 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or higher applies. Lower MRLs are recommended for active substances with HBGVs below this value. For infants above 16 weeks of age and young children, the established approach for setting HBGVs is considered appropriate. For infants below 16 weeks of age the approach may not be appropriate and the application of the EFSA guidance on risk assessment of substances present in food intended for infants below 16 weeks of age is recommended. The contribution of conventional food to the total exposure to pesticide residues is much higher than that from foods intended for infants and young children. Because of the increased intake of conventional food by young children, these have the highest exposure to pesticide residues, whereas infants 3-6 months of age generally have lower exposure. The impact of cumulative exposure to pesticide residues on infants and young children is not different from the general population and the EFSA cumulative risk assessment methodology is also applicable to these age groups. Residue definitions established under Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are in general considered appropriate also for foods for infants and young children. However, based on a tier 1 analysis of the hydrolysis potential of pesticides simulating processing, the particular appropriateness of existing residue definitions for monitoring to cover processed food, both intended for infants and young children as well as conventional food, is questionable.
应欧盟委员会的要求，欧洲食品安全局植物保护产品及其残留问题专家组（PPR专家组）编写了一份科学意见，以全面评估婴幼儿食品中的农药残留。在制定该科学意见的过程中，PPR专家组除其他因素外，还考虑了：（i）食品科学委员会设定的婴幼儿食品中农药残留默认最大残留限量（MRL）为0.01毫克/千克的相关意见；（ii）欧洲食品安全局科学委员会在关于16周龄以下婴儿食用食品中存在的物质风险评估指南中提供的建议；（iii）关于婴幼儿器官/系统发育的知识。对于16周龄以下的婴儿，PPR专家组得出结论，对于每日健康基准值（HBGV）为0.0026毫克/千克体重（bw）或更高的活性物质，婴幼儿食品中默认MRL为0.01毫克/千克的农药残留不太可能导致不可接受的暴露。对于HBGV低于该值的活性物质，建议采用更低的MRL。对于16周龄以上的婴儿和幼儿，既定的HBGV设定方法被认为是合适的。对于16周龄以下的婴儿，该方法可能不合适，建议应用欧洲食品安全局关于16周龄以下婴儿食用食品中存在的物质风险评估指南。传统食品对农药残留总暴露量的贡献远高于婴幼儿食品。由于幼儿对传统食品的摄入量增加，他们对农药残留的暴露量最高，而3至6个月大的婴儿通常暴露量较低。农药残留累积暴露对婴幼儿的影响与一般人群无异，欧洲食品安全局的累积风险评估方法也适用于这些年龄组。根据（EC）No 396/2005号法规确定的残留定义通常也被认为适用于婴幼儿食品。然而，基于对模拟加工过程中农药水解潜力的一级分析，现有残留定义对于监测涵盖婴幼儿食品和传统食品的加工食品的特别适用性值得怀疑。
