Smoak M M, Mikos A G
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Mater Today Bio. 2020 Jul 9;7:100069. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100069. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Repair of injured skeletal muscle is a sophisticated process that uses immune, muscle, perivascular, and neural cells. In acute injury, the robust endogenous repair process can facilitate complete regeneration with little to no functional deficit. However, in severe injury, the damage is beyond the capacity for self-repair, often resulting in structural and functional deficits. Aside from the insufficiencies in muscle function, the aesthetic deficits can impact quality of life. Current clinical treatments are significantly limited in their capacity to structurally and functionally repair the damaged skeletal muscle. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed. Biomaterial therapies for skeletal muscle engineering have leveraged natural materials with sophisticated scaffold fabrication techniques to guide cell infiltration, alignment, and differentiation. Advances in biomaterials paired with a standardized and rigorous assessment of resulting tissue formation have greatly advanced the field of skeletal muscle engineering in the last several years. Herein, we discuss the current trends in biomaterials-based therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and present the obstacles still to be overcome before clinical translation is possible. With millions of people affected by muscle trauma each year, the development of a therapy that can repair the structural and functional deficits after severe muscle injury is pivotal.
受损骨骼肌的修复是一个复杂的过程，涉及免疫细胞、肌肉细胞、血管周围细胞和神经细胞。在急性损伤中，强大的内源性修复过程可促进完全再生，几乎不会产生功能缺陷。然而，在严重损伤中，损伤程度超出了自我修复能力，常常导致结构和功能缺陷。除了肌肉功能不足外，美观缺陷也会影响生活质量。目前的临床治疗在结构和功能上修复受损骨骼肌的能力非常有限。因此，需要其他方法。用于骨骼肌工程的生物材料疗法利用天然材料和先进的支架制造技术来引导细胞浸润、排列和分化。在过去几年中，生物材料的进展以及对所形成组织的标准化和严格评估极大地推动了骨骼肌工程领域的发展。在此，我们讨论基于生物材料的骨骼肌再生疗法的当前趋势，并提出在临床转化成为可能之前仍需克服的障碍。每年有数以百万计的人受到肌肉创伤的影响，开发一种能够修复严重肌肉损伤后结构和功能缺陷的疗法至关重要。
