Esakandari Hanie, Nabi-Afjadi Mohsen, Fakkari-Afjadi Javad, Farahmandian Navid, Miresmaeili Seyed-Mohsen, Bahreini Elham
Department of Biology, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of biological science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Biol Proced Online. 2020 Aug 4;22:19. doi: 10.1186/s12575-020-00128-2. eCollection 2020.
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or (2019-nCoV) with unknown origin spread in Hubei province of China. The epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The presence of COVID-19 was manifested by several symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic/mild symptoms to severe illness and death. The viral infection expanded internationally and WHO announced a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To quickly diagnose and control such a highly infectious disease, suspicious individuals were isolated and diagnostic/treatment procedures were developed through patients' epidemiological and clinical data. Early in the COVID-19 outbreak, WHO invited hundreds of researchers from around the world to develop a rapid quality diagnosis, treatment and vaccines, but so far no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine has been approved by the FDA. At present, COVID-19 is managed by available antiviral drugs to improve the symptoms, and in severe cases, supportive care including oxygen and mechanical ventilation is used for infected patients. However, due to the worldwide spread of the virus, COVID-19 has become a serious concern in the medical community. According to the current data of WHO, the number of infected and dead cases has increased to 8,708,008 and 461,715, respectively (Dec 2019 -June 2020). Given the high mortality rate and economic damage to various communities to date, great efforts must be made to produce successful drugs and vaccines against 2019-nCoV infection. For this reason, first of all, the characteristics of the virus, its pathogenicity, and its infectious pathways must be well known. Thus, the main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of this epidemic disease based on the current evidence.
2019年12月，一种起源不明的新型冠状病毒，即严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）或（2019-nCoV）在中国湖北省传播。由SARS-CoV-2引起的传染病称为冠状病毒病-19（COVID-19）。COVID-19的症状表现多样，从无症状/轻微症状到严重疾病甚至死亡。这种病毒感染在国际上蔓延，世界卫生组织宣布其为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。为了快速诊断和控制这种高传染性疾病，对疑似患者进行了隔离，并通过患者的流行病学和临床数据制定了诊断/治疗程序。在COVID-19疫情初期，世界卫生组织邀请了来自世界各地的数百名研究人员研发快速、高质量的诊断方法、治疗手段和疫苗，但迄今为止，尚无特定的抗病毒治疗方法或疫苗获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准。目前，COVID-19通过现有的抗病毒药物来缓解症状，在严重病例中，对感染患者采用包括吸氧和机械通气在内的支持性治疗。然而，由于该病毒在全球范围内传播，COVID-19已成为医学界严重关切的问题。根据世界卫生组织的当前数据，截至2019年12月至2020年6月，感染病例和死亡病例数分别增至8708008例和461715例（截至2020年6月）。鉴于迄今为止的高死亡率以及对各个社区造成的经济损失，必须付出巨大努力来研发针对2019-nCoV感染的成功药物和疫苗。因此，首先必须充分了解该病毒的特性、致病性及其传播途径。因此，本综述的主要目的是基于当前证据对这种传染病进行概述。
