Lacerda Maria Priscila, Oh Eun Joong, Eckert Carrie
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Life (Basel). 2020 Nov 21;10(11):299. doi: 10.3390/life10110299.
Microorganisms are effective platforms for the production of a variety of chemicals including biofuels, commodity chemicals, polymers and other natural products. However, deep cellular understanding is required for improvement of current biofuel cell factories to truly transform the Bioeconomy. Modifications in microbial metabolic pathways and increased resistance to various types of stress caused by the production of these chemicals are crucial in the generation of robust and efficient production hosts. Recent advances in systems and synthetic biology provide new tools for metabolic engineering to design strategies and construct optimal biocatalysts for the sustainable production of desired chemicals, especially in the case of ethanol and fatty acid production. Yeast is an efficient producer of bioethanol and most of the available synthetic biology tools have been developed for the industrial yeast . Non-conventional yeast systems have several advantageous characteristics that are not easily engineered such as ethanol tolerance, low pH tolerance, thermotolerance, inhibitor tolerance, genetic diversity and so forth. Currently, synthetic biology is still in its initial steps for studies in non-conventional yeasts such as , , and . Therefore, the development and application of advanced synthetic engineering tools must also focus on these underexploited, non-conventional yeast species. Herein, we review the basic synthetic biology tools that can be applied to the standard model strain, as well as those that have been developed for non-conventional yeasts. In addition, we will discuss the recent advances employed to develop non-conventional yeast strains that are efficient for the production of a variety of chemicals through the use of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
微生物是生产包括生物燃料、商品化学品、聚合物和其他天然产物在内的多种化学品的有效平台。然而，要改进当前的生物燃料生产工厂以真正实现生物经济转型，需要对细胞有深入的了解。微生物代谢途径的改造以及对这些化学品生产所造成的各种类型压力的抗性增强，对于构建强大而高效的生产宿主至关重要。系统生物学和合成生物学的最新进展为代谢工程提供了新工具，以设计策略并构建用于可持续生产所需化学品的最佳生物催化剂，尤其是在乙醇和脂肪酸生产方面。酵母是生物乙醇的高效生产者，并且大多数现有的合成生物学工具都是为工业酵母开发的。非传统酵母系统具有一些不易进行工程改造的有利特性，例如乙醇耐受性、低pH耐受性、耐热性、抑制剂耐受性、遗传多样性等。目前，合成生物学在诸如[具体酵母名称1]、[具体酵母名称2]、[具体酵母名称3]和[具体酵母名称4]等非传统酵母的研究中仍处于起步阶段。因此，先进合成工程工具的开发和应用也必须关注这些未被充分利用的非传统酵母物种。在此，我们综述了可应用于标准[酵母名称]模式菌株的基本合成生物学工具，以及为非传统酵母开发的工具。此外，我们将讨论通过代谢工程和合成生物学开发高效生产各种化学品的非传统酵母菌株的最新进展。
