Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 20;12(11):3555. doi: 10.3390/nu12113555.
Low iodine intakes have been documented in different population groups in Norway. We aimed to assess iodine status, dietary intake, supplement and macroalgae use, and iodine knowledge in vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians. In this study, 115 vegans, 55 vegetarians and 35 pescatarians from the Oslo region of Norway, aged 18-60 years, participated. A spot urine sample was collected along with a dietary assessment of iodine intake, supplement and macroalgae use. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in vegans was 43 µg/L (moderate iodine deficiency), in vegetarians 67 µg/L and in pescatarians 96 µg/L (mild iodine deficiency). In multiple linear regression analysis, use of iodine supplements was one of the strongest predictors of UIC. About half of the participants had median 24-h iodine intakes below estimated average requirement (EAR) of 100 µg/day. Fifty percent had low knowledge score, while 27% had very low knowledge score. Vegans, vegetarians and possibly pescatarians in Norway, are unable to reach the recommended iodine intake merely from food and are dependent on iodine supplements. There is an urgent need for dietary guidance targeting vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians to avoid inadequate iodine intake in non-supplement users, as well as avoiding excess iodine intake in macroalgae users.
在挪威的不同人群中都发现了碘摄入量不足的情况。我们旨在评估素食者、素食者和食鱼素食者的碘状况、饮食摄入、补充剂和海藻的使用情况以及碘知识。在这项研究中，来自挪威奥斯陆地区的 115 名素食者、55 名素食者和 35 名食鱼素食者年龄在 18-60 岁之间。采集了一个尿样，并对碘摄入、补充剂和海藻的使用情况进行了饮食评估。素食者的尿碘中位数（UIC）为 43 µg/L（中度碘缺乏），素食者为 67 µg/L，食鱼素食者为 96 µg/L（轻度碘缺乏）。在多元线性回归分析中，碘补充剂的使用是 UIC 的最强预测因素之一。大约一半的参与者的 24 小时碘摄入量中位数低于推荐的 100 µg/天的平均需要量（EAR）。有 50%的参与者碘知识得分较低，而 27%的参与者碘知识得分非常低。挪威的素食者、素食者，可能还有食鱼素食者，仅通过食物无法达到推荐的碘摄入量，他们依赖于碘补充剂。非常有必要针对素食者、素食者和食鱼素食者提供饮食指导，以避免非补充剂使用者碘摄入不足，以及避免海藻使用者碘摄入过多。
