Bascuñán Karla A, Elli Luca, Vecchi Maurizio, Scricciolo Alice, Mascaretti Federica, Parisi Maria, Doneda Luisa, Lombardo Vincenza, Araya Magdalena, Roncoroni Leda
Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Front Nutr. 2020 Dec 2;7:583981. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.583981. eCollection 2020.
Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the current treatment of gluten-related disorders. It eliminates wheat, barley, and rye, while the exclusion of oats is still under debate. GFD is based on a combination of naturally gluten-free foods and gluten-free substitutes of cereal-based foods. Although effective as treatment of gluten-related disorders, today there is concern about how to improve GFD's nutritional quality, to make it not only gluten-free, but also healthy. The "Mediterranean diet" (MedD) refers to the dietary pattern and eating habits typical of populations living in the Mediterranean basin, which have been associated with low prevalence of several diet-related pathologies. Here we present a narrative review of the current knowledge about GFD and MedD, their characteristics and central food components. Based on the Mediterranean diet pyramid developed by the Italian pediatric society, we propose a combination between the MedD and the GFD, an attractive alternative to reach a gluten-free state that at the same time is healthy, with a clear benefit to those who practice it.
无麸质饮食（GFD）是目前治疗麸质相关疾病的方法。它排除了小麦、大麦和黑麦，而燕麦是否排除仍存在争议。无麸质饮食基于天然无麸质食物和谷物类食物的无麸质替代品的组合。尽管无麸质饮食作为治疗麸质相关疾病的方法很有效，但如今人们担心如何提高其营养质量，使其不仅无麸质，而且健康。“地中海饮食”（MedD）指的是地中海盆地居民典型的饮食模式和饮食习惯，这种饮食模式与几种饮食相关疾病的低患病率有关。在此，我们对目前关于无麸质饮食和地中海饮食的知识、它们的特点及主要食物成分进行叙述性综述。基于意大利儿科学会制定的地中海饮食金字塔，我们提出将地中海饮食和无麸质饮食相结合，这是一种有吸引力的选择，既能达到无麸质状态，又能保持健康，对践行者有明显益处。
