精油的化学成分、凋亡活性及其抗包虫原头蚴作用。
Chemical Composition, Apoptotic Activity, and Antiparasitic Effects of Essential Oil against Protoscoleces.
机构信息
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Environment, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah 58001, Iraq.
出版信息
Molecules. 2021 Feb 8;26(4):888. doi: 10.3390/molecules26040888.
BACKGROUND
Today, the present protoscolicidals used to minimize the serious risks during hydatid cyst surgery are not completely safe and have various adverse side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and apoptotic activity of essential oil (FMEO) as well as its in vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal effects against hydatid cyst protoscoleces.
METHODS
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition of FMEO. Protoscoleces of hydatid cysts were collected from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep and were then treated with various concentrations of the essential oil (75, 150, and 300 µL/mL) for 5-60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then, by using the eosin exclusion test, the viability of the protoscoleces was studied. The caspase-3-like activity of the FMEO-treated protoscoleces was also evaluated through the colorimetric protease assay Sigma Kit based on the manufacturer's instructions.
RESULTS
According to GC/MS, the main constituents of the essential oil were terpinolene (77.72%), n-nonanal (4.47%), and linalool (4.35%), respectively. In vitro, the maximum protoscolicidal activity of FMEO was observed at the concentrations of 150 and 300 µL/mL, such that 100% of the protoscoleces were killed after 30 and 20 min of exposure, respectively. Based on the obtained findings, the results demonstrate that FMEO required a longer time to kill protoscoleces ex vivo; after 12 min of exposure to FMEO, only 13.4% of the protoscoleces remained alive. After 48 h of the treatment of protoscoleces, FMEO, in a dose-dependent manner and at doses of 75, 150, and 300 µL/mL, induced the activation of the caspase enzyme by 24.3, 35.3, and 48.3%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate the potent protoscolicidal effects of FMEO in vitro and ex vivo; however, further studies are required to assess the safety and the efficiency of FMEO as a promising scolicidal agent in a preclinical model and clinical setting.
背景
目前，用于最小化包虫囊肿手术期间严重风险的原头节杀药剂并不完全安全，且具有各种不良反应。本研究旨在评估挥发油（FMEO）的化学成分和凋亡活性，以及其对包虫囊肿原头节的体外和离体杀原头节作用。
方法
采用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析法测定 FMEO 的化学成分。从感染绵羊的肝性包虫囊肿中收集包虫囊肿原头节，然后在体外和离体条件下用不同浓度的精油（75、150 和 300 μL/mL）处理 5-60 分钟。然后，通过伊红排斥试验研究原头节的活力。还通过根据制造商的说明使用 Sigma 试剂盒通过比色蛋白酶测定法评估 FMEO 处理的原头节中的半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3 样活性。
结果
根据 GC/MS，精油的主要成分分别为萜品烯（77.72%）、正壬醛（4.47%）和芳樟醇（4.35%）。在体外，FMEO 的最大原头节杀活性在浓度为 150 和 300 μL/mL 时观察到，分别在暴露 30 和 20 分钟后，100%的原头节被杀死。根据获得的结果，结果表明 FMEO 需要更长的时间才能杀死离体原头节；在暴露于 FMEO 12 分钟后，只有 13.4%的原头节存活。在原头节处理 48 小时后，FMEO 以剂量依赖性方式并在 75、150 和 300 μL/mL 的剂量下，诱导半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶的激活分别为 24.3%、35.3%和 48.3%。
结论
我们的研究结果表明 FMEO 在体外和离体具有强大的杀原头节作用；然而，需要进一步的研究来评估 FMEO 作为一种有前途的杀囊剂在临床前模型和临床环境中的安全性和效率。
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