Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, 05000, Batna, Algeria.
Arch Microbiol. 2021 Aug;203(6):2747-2760. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02300-y. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
A homeostatic balance exists between the resident microbiota in the oral cavity and the host. Perturbations of the oral microbiota under particular conditions can contribute to the growth of non-oral pathogens that are hard to kill because of their higher resistance to antimicrobials, raising the probability of treatment failure and reinfection. The presence of these bacteria in the oral cavity has been proven to be associated with several oral diseases such as periodontitis, caries, and gingivitis, and systemic diseases of importance in clinical medicine such as cystic fibrosis, HIV, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is still controversial whether these species are merely transient members or unique to the oral cavity. Mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between the oral microbiota and non-oral pathogens can also occur, though the mechanisms used by these bacteria are not clear. Therefore, this review presents an overview of the current knowledge about the presence of non-oral bacteria in the oral cavity, their relationship with systemic and oral diseases, and their interactions with oral bacteria.
口腔常驻微生物群与宿主之间存在着一种动态平衡。在特定条件下，口腔微生物群的紊乱可能会导致非口腔病原体的生长，这些病原体由于对抗菌药物的更高抵抗力而难以杀死，从而增加了治疗失败和再次感染的可能性。这些细菌在口腔中的存在已被证明与几种口腔疾病有关，如牙周炎、龋齿和牙龈炎，以及临床医学中重要的系统性疾病，如囊性纤维化、HIV 和类风湿性关节炎。然而，这些物种是否仅仅是短暂的成员或口腔特有的，仍然存在争议。口腔微生物群和非口腔病原体之间也会发生互利和拮抗相互作用，尽管这些细菌使用的机制尚不清楚。因此，本综述介绍了目前关于非口腔细菌在口腔中存在、它们与系统性和口腔疾病的关系以及它们与口腔细菌相互作用的知识概述。
