Radaelli Katherine, Alberti Alice, Corbella Stefano, Francetti Luca
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
Int J Dent. 2021 May 15;2021:5536566. doi: 10.1155/2021/5536566. eCollection 2021.
While periodontitis has been proven to have an impact on systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, pregnancy complications, or poor glycemic control in diabetic patients, the influence of peri-implantitis on systemic health has not been adequately explored in the literature as yet. The existing evidence suggests that peri-implant lesions lead to more intense inflammatory response than periodontitis. Given the analogies between periodontal diseases and peri-implantitis, the aim of the present paper was to review the scientific evidence about the potential correlation between peri-implantitis and systemic diseases and conditions. Two clinical trials on animals reported that experimental peri-implantitis determined an alteration in hematological and biological parameters. One human study explored the risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases and found that patients with peri-implantitis had significantly higher levels of triglyceride, uric acid, and white blood cells and lower levels of vitamin D. It was described in the literature that periodontitis affects cardiovascular health through a number of mechanisms, including the increase in systemic mediators of inflammation, which also has a role in the worsening of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Similarly, peri-implantitis may influence the systemic status through inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 and matrix metalloproteinases. One microbiological mechanism, based on the systemic dissemination of periodontal bacteria, has been hypothesized for cardiovascular diseases and pregnancy complications. Again, it is plausible that the same could occur in peri-implantitis. In conclusion, only few studies explored the systemic impact of peri-implantitis. Although changes in hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and inflammatory markers have been reported in peri-implantitis, further studies are needed to investigate this correlation.
虽然牙周炎已被证明会影响全身状况，如心血管疾病、妊娠并发症或糖尿病患者的血糖控制不佳，但种植体周围炎对全身健康的影响在文献中尚未得到充分探讨。现有证据表明，种植体周围病变会导致比牙周炎更强烈的炎症反应。鉴于牙周疾病和种植体周围炎之间的相似性，本文的目的是综述关于种植体周围炎与全身疾病和状况之间潜在相关性的科学证据。两项动物临床试验报告称，实验性种植体周围炎会导致血液学和生物学参数的改变。一项人体研究探讨了心血管疾病的风险指标，发现种植体周围炎患者的甘油三酯、尿酸和白细胞水平显著升高，而维生素D水平较低。文献中描述，牙周炎通过多种机制影响心血管健康，包括全身炎症介质的增加，这在糖尿病患者血糖控制恶化中也起作用。同样，种植体周围炎可能通过白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-6和白细胞介素-10等炎性细胞因子和基质金属蛋白酶影响全身状况。一种基于牙周细菌全身播散的微生物学机制已被假设与心血管疾病和妊娠并发症有关。同样，种植体周围炎也可能发生同样的情况。总之，只有少数研究探讨了种植体周围炎的全身影响。虽然种植体周围炎患者的血液学参数、生化参数和炎症标志物发生了变化，但仍需要进一步研究来调查这种相关性。
