Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Laboratory Medicine Al-Hada and Taif Military Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Sep 30;187:769-779. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.122. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicine for ancient times. Massive demands of G. lucidum have fascinated the researchers towards its application as functional food, nutraceutical and modern medicine owing to wide range of application in various diseases include immunomodulators, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective. G. lucidum polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory properties through boosting the action of antigen-presenting cells, mononuclear phagocyte system, along with humoral and cellular immunity. β-Glucans isolated from G. lucidum are anticipated to produce an immune response through pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). β-Glucans after binding with dectin-1 receptor present on different cells include macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils produce signal transduction that lead to trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), T cells and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that refer to cytokines production and contributing to immune response. While triterpenoids produce antiviral effects through inhibiting various enzymes like neuraminidase, HIV-protease, DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease and HSV multiplication. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids adjunct to other drugs exhibit potential action in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Immunomodulators and antiviral properties of this mushroom could be a potential source to overcome this current pandemic outbreak.
灵芝（G. lucidum）多糖和三萜类化合物是主要的生物活性化合物，自古以来一直被用作传统药物。由于灵芝在各种疾病中的广泛应用，包括免疫调节剂、抗癌、抗病毒、抗氧化、心脏保护、肝脏保护等，对灵芝的大量需求引起了研究人员对其作为功能性食品、营养保健品和现代药物的应用的关注。灵芝多糖通过增强抗原呈递细胞、单核吞噬细胞系统以及体液和细胞免疫的作用，表现出免疫调节特性。从灵芝中分离出的β-葡聚糖有望通过病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）产生免疫反应。β-葡聚糖与不同细胞上的 dectin-1 受体结合后，包括巨噬细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞和中性粒细胞，产生信号转导，导致丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPKs）、T 细胞和核因子-κB（NF-κB）的触发，这是细胞因子产生的关键，有助于免疫反应。而三萜类化合物通过抑制神经氨酸酶、HIV 蛋白酶、DENV2 NS2B-NS3 蛋白酶和 HSV 增殖等各种酶产生抗病毒作用。多糖和三萜类化合物与其他药物联合使用，在预防和治疗各种疾病方面具有潜在作用。这种蘑菇的免疫调节剂和抗病毒特性可能是克服当前大流行爆发的潜在来源。
