Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Nov 2;17(11):4057-4064. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1974796. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
Vaccination is a critical tool in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has not been well explored in parts of Nigeria. We assessed the predictors of acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and identified reasons for vaccine hesitancy among adults in urban Kano, northern Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods design, we administered structured questionnaires to a cross-section of adults ( = 446), complemented with 20 in-depth interviews. Binary logistic regression and the framework approach were used to analyze the data. About one-half (51.1%, = 228) of the respondents were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine acceptance was higher among older respondents (≥30 years) (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.76, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.14-2.99 (≥30 vs. <30), higher-income earners (≥30,000 Naira) (aOR = 2.06, 95%CI:1.12-3.80, ≥30,000 vs. <30,000), and those with a history of a chronic medical disorder (aOR = 1.90, 95%CI:1.06-3.72). Vaccine acceptance was also higher in persons with high risk perception (aOR = 1.61, 95%CI:1.13-2.81, high vs. low), those who were unconcerned about vaccine safety (aOR = 1.71, 95%CI:1.13-3.55), and those who were not worried about efficacy (aOR = 2.02, 95%CI:1.14-4.11) and infertility-related rumors (aOR = 1.98, 95%CI:1.24-3.18). Themes revealed doubts about the existence of COVID-19, mistrust for authorities, and popular credence to rumors and conspiracy theories. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was sub-optimal and influenced by respondent's age, income, co-morbidities, risk perception, and concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy, and rumors. Context-specific, evidence-based risk communication strategies and trust-building measures could boost vaccine confidence in similar settings.
疫苗接种是全球应对 COVID-19 大流行的重要工具。然而，尼日利亚部分地区尚未充分探索 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫的情况。我们评估了成年人对 COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度的预测因素，并确定了尼日利亚北部城市卡诺成年人中疫苗犹豫的原因。我们使用混合方法设计，对成年人进行了横断面问卷调查（n=446），并辅以 20 次深入访谈。使用二元逻辑回归和框架方法分析数据。大约一半（51.1%，n=228）的受访者愿意接种 COVID-19 疫苗。在年龄较大的受访者（≥30 岁）（调整后的优势比（aOR）=1.76，95%置信区间（CI）：1.14-2.99（≥30 岁比 <30 岁）、较高收入者（≥30,000 奈拉）（aOR=2.06，95%CI：1.12-3.80，≥30,000 比 <30,000）和患有慢性疾病史的人（aOR=1.90，95%CI：1.06-3.72）中，疫苗接受率更高。在风险感知较高的人中，疫苗接种率也较高（aOR=1.61，95%CI：1.13-2.81，高 vs. 低），对疫苗安全性不关心的人（aOR=1.71，95%CI：1.13-3.55），不担心疗效的人（aOR=2.02，95%CI：1.14-4.11）和与生育能力相关的谣言（aOR=1.98，95%CI：1.24-3.18）。主题揭示了对 COVID-19 存在的怀疑、对当局的不信任，以及对谣言和阴谋论的普遍认可。总之，COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度不理想，受到受访者年龄、收入、合并症、风险感知以及对疫苗安全性、疗效和谣言的担忧的影响。在类似情况下，可以采取特定于背景、基于证据的风险沟通策略和建立信任措施来增强疫苗信心。
