Dong J, Pacella M, Liu Y, Zhao L
Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
Bioact Mater. 2021 Aug 28;10:159-184. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.023. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Late in-stent thrombus and restenosis still represent two major challenges in stents' design. Surface treatment of stent is attracting attention due to the increasing importance of stenting intervention for coronary artery diseases. Several surface engineering techniques have been utilised to improve the biological response on a wide range of biomedical devices. As a tailorable, precise, and ultra-fast process, laser surface engineering offers the potential to treat stent materials and fabricate various 3D textures, including grooves, pillars, nanowires, porous and freeform structures, while also modifying surface chemistry through nitridation, oxidation and coatings. Laser-based processes can reduce the biodegradable materials' degradation rate, offering many advantages to improve stents' performance, such as increased endothelialisation rate, prohibition of SMC proliferation, reduced platelet adhesion and controlled corrosion and degradation. Nowadays, adequate research has been conducted on laser surface texturing and surface chemistry modification. Laser texturing on commercial stents has been also investigated and a promotion of performance of laser-textured stents has been proved. In this critical review, the influence of surface texture and surface chemistry on stents performance is firstly reviewed to understand the surface characteristics of stents required to facilitate cellular response. This is followed by the explicit illustration of laser surface engineering of stents and/or related materials. Laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) on stent materials is then explored, and finally the application of laser surface modification techniques on latest generation of stent devices is highlighted to provide future trends and research direction on laser surface engineering of stents.
晚期支架内血栓形成和再狭窄仍然是支架设计中的两大挑战。由于冠状动脉疾病支架介入治疗的重要性日益增加，支架的表面处理备受关注。多种表面工程技术已被用于改善各种生物医学设备的生物反应。作为一种可定制、精确且超快的工艺，激光表面工程有潜力处理支架材料并制造各种三维纹理，包括凹槽、柱体、纳米线、多孔和自由形状结构，同时还能通过氮化、氧化和涂层改变表面化学性质。基于激光的工艺可以降低可生物降解材料的降解速率，为改善支架性能带来诸多优势，如提高内皮化率、抑制平滑肌细胞增殖、减少血小板黏附以及控制腐蚀和降解。如今，已对激光表面纹理化和表面化学改性进行了充分研究。也对商用支架上的激光纹理化进行了研究，并证明了激光纹理化支架的性能有所提升。在这篇批判性综述中，首先回顾表面纹理和表面化学对支架性能的影响，以了解促进细胞反应所需的支架表面特性。接着详细阐述支架和/或相关材料的激光表面工程。然后探讨支架材料上的激光诱导周期性表面结构（LIPSS），最后强调激光表面改性技术在新一代支架装置上的应用，以提供支架激光表面工程的未来趋势和研究方向。
