Department of Social Education, Padre Ossó Faculty, University of Oviedo, 33008 Oviedo, Spain.
Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 5;19(1):609. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010609.
In-work poverty reflects situations of income below the poverty threshold among employed people, involving a deterioration of wellbeing. The International Labour Organization prioritises this situation, which in countries such as Spain, Germany or Italy reaches rates of 11.8%, 10.6% and 11.8%, respectively. Within a context of flexibility, the occupational situation tends to be understood as an individual responsibility, which is why this study analyses the increase in self-criticism in these situations, and the role of social support in this relationship. The mediation of social support in the manifestation of self-criticism among people experiencing in-work poverty is analysed. The participants were 1430 employed people, grouped into those in a situation of poverty and those who are not. The results show that people in a situation of in-work poverty present a higher score in self-criticism and lower in social support. Social support is a mediating variable that prevents the manifestation of self-criticism. Lastly, a gender analysis shows that women experience this relationship more intensely. These findings enable a critical assessment of the activation policies that only take an individual approach. As an alternative, we propose strengthening interventions that foster social support, particularly among women.
工作贫困反映了就业人群中收入低于贫困线的情况，涉及福利的恶化。国际劳工组织将这种情况列为优先事项，在西班牙、德国和意大利等国家，这一比例分别达到 11.8%、10.6%和 11.8%。在灵活性的背景下，职业状况往往被理解为个人的责任，这就是为什么这项研究分析了在这种情况下自我批判的增加，以及社会支持在这种关系中的作用。分析了社会支持在工作贫困人群中自我批判表现中的中介作用。参与者为 1430 名在职人员，分为贫困人群和非贫困人群。结果表明，工作贫困人群的自我批判得分较高，社会支持得分较低。社会支持是一个中介变量，可以防止自我批判的表现。最后，性别分析表明，女性更强烈地感受到这种关系。这些发现使人们能够对仅采取个人方法的激活政策进行批判性评估。作为替代方案，我们建议加强干预措施，特别是在女性中，以促进社会支持。
