Luise Diana, Bosi Paolo, Raff Lena, Amatucci Laura, Virdis Sara, Trevisi Paolo
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Chr. Hansen, Animal Health and Nutrition, Hørsholm, Denmark.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 7;13:801827. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801827. eCollection 2022.
The pressure to increasingly optimize the breeding of livestock monogastric animals resulted in antimicrobials often being misused in an attempt to improve growth performance and counteract diseases in these animals, leading to an increase in the problem of antibiotic resistance. To tackle this problem, the use of probiotics, also known as direct in-feed microbials (DFM), seems to be one of the most promising strategies. Among probiotics, the interest in strains has been intensively increased in recent decades in pigs and poultry. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the effectiveness of strains as probiotics and as a potential strategy for reducing the misuse of antibiotics in monogastric animals. Thus, the potential modes of action, and the effects on the performance and health of pigs (weaning pigs, lactation and gestation sows) and broilers are discussed. These searches yielded 131 articles (published before January 2021). The present review showed that strains could favor growth in terms of the average daily gain (ADG) of post-weaning piglets and broilers, and reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs by 30% and mortality in broilers by 6-8%. The benefits of strains on these parameters showed results comparable to the benefit obtained by the use of antibiotics. Furthermore, the use of strains gives promising results in enhancing the local adaptative immune response and in reducing the oxidative stress of broilers. Fewer data were available regarding the effect on sows. Discordant effects have been reported regarding the effect on body weight (BW) and feed intake while a number of studies have supported the hypothesis that feeding probiotics to sows could benefit their reproductive performance, namely the BW and ADG of the litters. Taken all the above-mentioned facts together, this review confirmed the effectiveness of strains as probiotics in young pigs and broilers, favoring their health and contributing to a reduction in the misuse of direct in-feed antibiotics. The continuous development and research regarding probiotics will support a decrease in the misuse of antibiotics in livestock production in order to endorse a more sustainable rearing system in the near future.
日益优化单胃家畜养殖的压力导致抗菌药物常被滥用，试图提高这些动物的生长性能并对抗疾病，从而导致抗生素耐药性问题加剧。为解决这一问题，使用益生菌（也称为直接添加到饲料中的微生物，即DFM）似乎是最有前景的策略之一。在益生菌中，近几十年来猪和家禽对[具体菌株名称]菌株的关注度大幅提高。本综述的目的是评估[具体菌株名称]菌株作为益生菌的有效性以及作为减少单胃动物抗生素滥用的潜在策略。因此，讨论了其潜在作用方式以及对猪（断奶仔猪、泌乳和妊娠母猪）和肉鸡的性能及健康的影响。这些检索共得到131篇文章（2021年1月之前发表）。本综述表明，[具体菌株名称]菌株可提高断奶后仔猪和肉鸡的平均日增重（ADG），使猪断奶后腹泻发病率降低30%，肉鸡死亡率降低6 - 8%。[具体菌株名称]菌株在这些参数上的益处与使用抗生素所获得的益处相当。此外，使用[具体菌株名称]菌株在增强肉鸡局部适应性免疫反应和降低氧化应激方面取得了有前景的结果。关于对母猪影响的数据较少。关于对体重（BW）和采食量的影响报道不一，而一些研究支持给母猪饲喂益生菌可使其繁殖性能受益的假设，即仔猪的体重和ADG。综合上述所有事实，本综述证实了[具体菌株名称]菌株作为益生菌对幼猪和肉鸡的有效性，有利于它们的健康，并有助于减少直接添加到饲料中的抗生素的滥用。益生菌的持续开发和研究将有助于减少家畜生产中抗生素的滥用，以便在不久的将来支持更可持续的饲养系统。
