Panthee Bimala, Gyawali Saroj, Panthee Pratiksha, Techato Kuaanan
Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
Sustainable Study and Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Life (Basel). 2022 Mar 19;12(3):456. doi: 10.3390/life12030456.
Microorganisms are an essential part of life on the earth and can exist in association with virtually any living thing. The environmental microbiome is much more diverse than the human microbiome. It is reported that most microbes existing in the environment are difficult to culture in the laboratory. Whereas both pathogenic and beneficial microbes may be prevailing in the environment, the human body can have three categories of microbes- beneficial, pathogenic, and opportunistic pathogenic. With at least 10-fold more cells than human cells, microbes as normal flora are critical for human survival. The microbes present in the human body play a crucial role in maintaining human health, and the environmental microbiome influences the human microbiome makeup. The interaction between the environmental and human microbiome highly influences human health, however it is poorly understood. In addition, as an established infection is associated with health-seeking behavior, a large number of studies have focused on the transmission and dynamics of infectious microorganisms than the noninfectious or beneficial ones. This review will summarize how the interaction between the environmental and human microbiome affects human health and identify approaches that might be beneficial for humans to improve health by being exposed to the natural environment.
微生物是地球上生命的重要组成部分，几乎可以与任何生物共生。环境微生物群比人类微生物群更加多样。据报道，环境中存在的大多数微生物难以在实验室中培养。虽然环境中致病微生物和有益微生物可能都占主导，但人体中的微生物可分为三类——有益微生物、致病微生物和机会致病微生物。作为正常菌群的微生物数量至少比人体细胞多10倍，对人类生存至关重要。人体中的微生物在维持人类健康方面发挥着关键作用，环境微生物群会影响人类微生物群的构成。环境微生物群与人类微生物群之间的相互作用对人类健康有很大影响，但目前对此了解甚少。此外，由于既定感染与寻求医疗行为相关，大量研究关注的是传染性微生物的传播和动态，而非非传染性或有益微生物。本综述将总结环境微生物群与人类微生物群之间的相互作用如何影响人类健康，并确定通过接触自然环境可能对人类改善健康有益的方法。
