Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK.
Mikrochim Acta. 2022 Apr 7;189(5):180. doi: 10.1007/s00604-022-05260-2.
Dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP) are the main catecholamine of clinical interest, as they play crucial roles in the regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and are involved in some brain behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to provide their continuous monitoring in a minimally invasive manner. In this work, the first highly nanoporous gold (h-nPG) microneedle-based sensor is presented for continuous monitoring of catecholamine in interstitial fluid (ISF). The h-nPG microneedle-based gold electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating method that involves two steps, gold electrodeposition and hydrogen bubbling at the electrode surface, realized by sweeping the potential between + 0.8 V and 0 V vs Ag/AgCl for 25 scans in a 10 mM HAuCl solution containing 2.5 M NHCl, and successively applying a fixed potential of - 2 V vs Ag/AgCl for 60 s. The resulting microneedle-based h-nPG sensor displays an interference-free total catecholamine detection expressed as NEP concentration, with a very low LOD of 100 nM, excellent sensitivity and stability, and fast response time (< 4 s). The performance of the h-nPG microneedle array sensor was successively assessed in artificial ISF and in a hydrogel skin model at typical physiological concentrations.
多巴胺（DA）、肾上腺素（EP）和去甲肾上腺素（NEP）是临床中主要的儿茶酚胺，因为它们在神经系统和心血管系统的调节中起着至关重要的作用，并参与一些大脑行为，如应激、恐慌、焦虑和抑郁。因此，迫切需要一种可靠的传感装置，能够以微创的方式连续监测它们。在这项工作中，首次提出了基于高度纳米多孔金（h-nPG）的微针传感器，用于间质液（ISF）中儿茶酚胺的连续监测。h-nPG 微针基金电极通过简单的电化学自模板法制备，该方法包括两个步骤，即在含有 2.5 M NHCl 的 10 mM HAuCl 溶液中，通过在+0.8 V 和 0 V vs Ag/AgCl 之间扫电位 25 次，在电极表面实现金沉积和氢气鼓泡，随后施加-2 V vs Ag/AgCl 的固定电位 60 s。所制备的基于微针的 h-nPG 传感器具有无干扰的总儿茶酚胺检测性能，可表示为 NEP 浓度，检测限（LOD）低至 100 nM，具有优异的灵敏度、稳定性和快速响应时间（<4 s）。在典型的生理浓度下，h-nPG 微针阵列传感器的性能在人工 ISF 和水凝胶皮肤模型中得到了连续评估。
