National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 718837, Singapore.
Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 6;19(9):5671. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095671.
Enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, a total of 276 isolates, collected between 2016 and 2017 from human, food and farm/slaughterhouse samples, were studied to enhance the understanding of the epidemiology of human salmonellosis in Singapore. Results showed all 276 isolates belonged either to ST1925 (70.3%) or ST11 (29.7%), with ST11 being significantly more frequent in extra-intestinal isolates and chicken isolates. Food isolates, most of which were from poultry, showed the highest prevalence of resistance (33-37%) against beta-lactams or beta-lactams/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination (ampicillin, piperacillin and ampicillin/sulbactam). The analysis showed the detection of genes associated with resistance to aminoglycoside genes (99.6%), tetracycline (55.1%), and beta-lactams (14.9%) of all isolates. Nine types of plasmids were found in 266 isolates; the most common incompatibility group profiles were IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S)-IncX1 (72.2%) and IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S) (15.8%). Most plasmid harbouring isolates from chicken (63.6%, 14/22) and from human (73.8%, 175/237) shared the same plasmid profile (IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S)-IncX1). SNP analysis showed clustering of several isolates from poultry food products and human isolates, suggesting phylogenetic relatedness among these isolates. Lastly, this study provides important epidemiological insights on the application of phenotypic and next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools for improved food safety and public health surveillance and outbreak investigation of .
肠炎沙门氏菌是全球主要的食源性致病菌。本研究对 2016 年至 2017 年间从人、食品和农场/屠宰场样本中采集的 276 株分离株进行了研究，以增强对新加坡人类沙门氏菌病流行病学的理解。结果表明，276 株分离株均属于 ST1925（70.3%）或 ST11（29.7%），其中 ST11 在肠外分离株和鸡分离株中更为常见。食品分离株主要来自家禽，对β-内酰胺类或β-内酰胺类/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂组合（氨苄西林、哌拉西林和氨苄西林/舒巴坦）的耐药率最高（33-37%）。分析显示，所有分离株均检测到与氨基糖苷类基因（99.6%）、四环素（55.1%）和β-内酰胺类（14.9%）耐药相关的基因。在 266 株分离株中发现了 9 种类型的质粒，最常见的不相容性组谱为 IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S)-IncX1（72.2%）和 IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S)（15.8%）。来自鸡（63.6%，14/22）和人类（73.8%，175/237）的大多数携带质粒的分离株具有相同的质粒谱（IncFIB(S)-IncFII(S)-IncX1）。SNP 分析显示，来自禽肉食品和人类分离株的几个分离株聚类，表明这些分离株之间存在系统发育相关性。最后，本研究为应用表型和下一代测序（NGS）工具提供了重要的流行病学见解，以改善食品安全和公共卫生监测，并对肠炎沙门氏菌病的暴发调查进行了研究。
