Office of National Nutrition Plan, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Nutrition, National Health Commission, Beijing 100050, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 25;14(9):1799. doi: 10.3390/nu14091799.
Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body and a cofactor or activator for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including blood glucose control and insulin release. Diabetes is a well-known global burden of disease with increasing global prevalence. In China, the prevalence of diabetes in adults is higher than the global average. Evidence shows that magnesium is a predictor of insulin resistance and diabetes. However, the majority of studies focus on dietary magnesium instead of serum magnesium concentration. We study the correlation of serum magnesium levels with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. In this prospective cohort study, we included 5044 participants aged 18 years and older without insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes at the baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A fasting blood sample was taken for the measurement of both types of magnesium, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting insulin. The homeostatic model (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Demographic characteristics of participants, and risk factors such as intensity of physical activities, smoking status, drinking habit, and anthropometric information were recorded. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or a self-reported diagnosis or treatment of diabetes. A total of 1331 incident insulin resistance events and 429 incident diabetic events were recorded during an average follow-up of 5.8 years. The serum magnesium concentration was categorized into quintiles. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the third quintile of serum magnesium (0.89−0.93 mmol/L) was correlated with 29% lower risk of incident insulin resistance (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI 0.58, 0.86) and with a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for insulin resistance were compared with the lowest quintile of serum magnesium (<0.85). We found similar results when evaluating serum magnesium as a continuous measure. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves showed a nonlinear dose−response correlation in both serum magnesium levels and insulin resistance, and in serum magnesium levels and Type 2 diabetes. Lower serum magnesium concentration was associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.
镁是人体必需的矿物质，是 300 多种酶反应的辅助因子或激活剂，包括血糖控制和胰岛素释放。糖尿病是一种众所周知的全球性疾病负担，其全球患病率呈上升趋势。在中国，成年人糖尿病的患病率高于全球平均水平。有证据表明，镁是胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的预测因子。然而，大多数研究都集中在饮食镁上，而不是血清镁浓度上。我们研究了血清镁水平与胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病的相关性。在这项前瞻性队列研究中，我们纳入了来自中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）的 5044 名基线时无胰岛素抵抗（IR）和糖尿病的 18 岁及以上成年人的空腹血样，用于测量两种类型的镁、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和空腹胰岛素。计算了稳态模型（HOMA-IR）。记录了参与者的人口统计学特征和风险因素，如身体活动强度、吸烟状况、饮酒习惯和人体测量信息。IR 定义为 HOMA-IR≥2.5，2 型糖尿病定义为空腹血糖≥7.0mmol/L 或 HbA1c≥6.5%，或自我报告的诊断或治疗糖尿病。在平均 5.8 年的随访期间，共记录了 1331 例胰岛素抵抗事件和 429 例糖尿病事件。将血清镁浓度分为五分位数。在校正相关协变量后，血清镁的第三五分位数（0.89-0.93mmol/L）与新发胰岛素抵抗的风险降低 29%相关（风险比=0.71，95%CI0.58，0.86），与 2 型糖尿病的风险降低相关。与血清镁最低五分位数（<0.85）相比，多变量校正后的胰岛素抵抗风险比（95%置信区间）。当将血清镁评估为连续测量值时，我们发现了类似的结果。受限立方样条（RCS）曲线显示，血清镁水平与胰岛素抵抗以及血清镁水平与 2 型糖尿病之间呈非线性剂量-反应关系。较低的血清镁浓度与较高的胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病风险相关。
