School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Australia.
Mosquito Control Laboratory, Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Jun 14;16(6):e0010478. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010478. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Vector surveillance is an essential public health tool to aid in the prediction and prevention of mosquito borne diseases. This study compared spatial and temporal trends of vector surveillance indices for Aedes vectors in the southern Philippines, and assessed potential links between vector indices and climate factors.
We analysed routinely collected larval and pupal surveillance data from residential areas of 14 cities and 51 municipalities during 2013-2018 (House, Container, Breteau and Pupal Indices), and used linear regression to explore potential relationships between vector indices and climate variables (minimum temperature, maximum temperature and precipitation).
We found substantial spatial and temporal variation in monthly Aedes vector indices between cities during the study period, and no seasonal trend apparent. The House (HI), Container (CI) and Breteau (BI) Indices remained at comparable levels across most surveys (mean HI = 15, mean CI = 16, mean BI = 24), while the Pupal Productivity Index (PPI) was relatively lower in most months (usually below 5) except for two main peak periods (mean = 49 overall). A small proportion of locations recorded high values across all entomological indices in multiple surveys. Each of the vector indices were significantly correlated with one or more climate variables when matched to data from the same month or the previous 1 or 2 months, although the effect sizes were small. Significant associations were identified between minimum temperature and HI, CI and BI in the same month (R2 = 0.038, p = 0.007; R2 = 0.029, p = 0.018; and R2 = 0.034, p = 0.011, respectively), maximum temperature and PPI with a 2-month lag (R2 = 0.031, p = 0.032), and precipitation and HI in the same month (R2 = 0.023, p = 0.04).
Our findings indicated that larval and pupal surveillance indices were highly variable, were regularly above the threshold for triggering vector control responses, and that vector indices based on household surveys were weakly yet significantly correlated with city-level climate variables. We suggest that more detailed spatial and temporal analyses of entomological, climate, socio-environmental and Aedes-borne disease incidence data are necessary to ascertain the most effective use of entomological indices in guiding vector control responses, and reduction of human disease risk.
媒介监测是辅助预测和预防蚊媒疾病的重要公共卫生工具。本研究比较了菲律宾南部伊蚊媒介监测指标的时空趋势，并评估了媒介指数与气候因素之间的潜在联系。
我们分析了 2013-2018 年期间 14 个城市和 51 个城镇居民区的常规收集的幼虫和蛹监测数据（房屋、容器、布雷特豪和蛹指数），并使用线性回归来探索媒介指数与气候变量（最低温度、最高温度和降水）之间的潜在关系。
我们发现，在研究期间，各城市之间的月度伊蚊媒介指数存在显著的时空差异，且无明显季节性趋势。房屋（HI）、容器（CI）和布雷特豪（BI）指数在大多数调查中保持相当水平（平均 HI = 15，平均 CI = 16，平均 BI = 24），而蛹生产率指数（PPI）在大多数月份相对较低（通常低于 5），除了两个主要高峰期（总体平均值为 49）。一小部分地点在多个调查中记录了所有昆虫学指数的高值。当与同月或前 1 或 2 个月的数据匹配时，每个媒介指数都与一个或多个气候变量显著相关，尽管效应大小较小。在同月，最低温度与 HI、CI 和 BI 显著相关（R2 = 0.038，p = 0.007；R2 = 0.029，p = 0.018；R2 = 0.034，p = 0.011），最大温度与 2 个月的滞后期 PPI 显著相关（R2 = 0.031，p = 0.032），同月降水与 HI 显著相关（R2 = 0.023，p = 0.04）。
我们的研究结果表明，幼虫和蛹监测指数变化很大，经常高于触发媒介控制反应的阈值，基于家庭调查的媒介指数与城市层面的气候变量呈微弱但显著的相关性。我们建议，需要更详细的时空分析昆虫学、气候、社会环境和登革热发病率数据，以确定在指导媒介控制反应和降低人类疾病风险方面最有效地利用昆虫学指数。
