Geography Department and George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Social and Environmental Research Institute, Shelburne, Massachusetts, USA.
Risk Anal. 2022 Jul;42(7):1367-1380. doi: 10.1111/risa.13926.
Several decades have elapsed since the introduction in 1988 of the social amplification of risk framework (SARF) by researchers from Clark University and Decision Research. SARF was offered as an umbrella under which social, psychological, and cultural theories of risk could be integrated and thereby supplement technical risk analyses. Some critics suggest that SARF cannot be tested thus, the framework is useful, at most, as a post hoc analysis of some kinds of risks. Others counter that predictability is not required for a framework to be useful and that SARF is an effective tool in organizing data related to public perceptions, values, and behaviors. It can also be used to design more effective risk communication and public engagement strategies. SARF also suggests how to conceptually view the dynamics of social media channels, despite the fact that SARF was developed before the explosion of global digital platforms. The papers in this special issue consider developments, refinements, critiques, contributions, extensions of the approach to new risk issues, as well as the findings and hypotheses that have grown out of what is now close to three decades of empirical research. This introductory paper provides background on SARF, presents a literature review since 2003, introduces the contributions to this issue, and highlights several areas for future research.
自 1988 年克拉克大学和决策研究的研究人员提出风险的社会放大框架（SARF）以来，已经过去了几十年。SARF 被提供为一个伞式框架，社会、心理和文化风险理论可以在此框架下整合，从而补充技术风险分析。一些批评者认为 SARF 无法进行测试，因此，该框架最多只能作为某些类型风险的事后分析有用。另一些人则反驳说，一个框架不需要可预测性才能有用，并且 SARF 是组织与公众认知、价值观和行为相关数据的有效工具。它还可用于设计更有效的风险沟通和公众参与策略。SARF 还提出了如何从概念上看待社交媒体渠道的动态，尽管 SARF 是在全球数字平台爆炸式发展之前开发的。本期特刊中的论文考虑了该方法在新风险问题上的发展、改进、批评、贡献、扩展，以及从现在将近三十年的实证研究中得出的发现和假设。本文介绍了 SARF 的背景，回顾了 2003 年以来的文献，介绍了本期特刊的贡献，并强调了未来研究的几个领域。
