Mirzaali Mohammad J, Moosabeiki Vahid, Rajaai Seyed Mohammad, Zhou Jie, Zadpoor Amir A
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Aug 8;15(15):5457. doi: 10.3390/ma15155457.
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. In the past few decades, several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, the capabilities of AM to fabricate a wide range of biomaterials, including metals and their alloys, polymers, and ceramics, have been exploited, offering unprecedented benefits to medical professionals and patients alike. In this review article, we provide an overview of the design principles that have been developed and used for the AM of biomaterials as well as those dealing with three major categories of biomaterials, i.e., metals (and their alloys), polymers, and ceramics. The design strategies can be categorised as: library-based design, topology optimisation, bio-inspired design, and meta-biomaterials. Recent developments related to the biomedical applications and fabrication methods of AM aimed at enhancing the quality of final 3D-printed biomaterials and improving their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics are also highlighted. Finally, examples of 3D-printed biomaterials with tuned properties and functionalities are presented.
增材制造（AM，也称为3D打印）是一种先进的制造技术，它推动了定制或针对患者的（超）生物材料以及具有复杂内部微观结构和可调性能的生物医学设备（如植入物、假肢和矫形器）在设计和制造方面取得进展。在过去几十年里，已经提出了一些用于创建多孔晶格结构的设计指南，特别是用于生物医学应用。与此同时，增材制造制造各种生物材料（包括金属及其合金、聚合物和陶瓷）的能力也得到了利用，为医学专业人员和患者都带来了前所未有的益处。在这篇综述文章中，我们概述了已开发并用于生物材料增材制造的设计原则，以及涉及三类主要生物材料（即金属（及其合金）、聚合物和陶瓷）的设计原则。这些设计策略可分为：基于库的设计、拓扑优化、仿生设计和超生物材料。还重点介绍了与增材制造的生物医学应用和制造方法相关的最新进展，这些进展旨在提高最终3D打印生物材料的质量，并改善其物理、机械和生物学特性。最后，展示了具有可调性能和功能的3D打印生物材料的实例。
