Abdu Hussen, Seyoum Girma
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2022 Oct 21;12:133-144. doi: 10.2147/DNND.S383564. eCollection 2022.
A stroke is a vascular accident that affects both men and women. The threat of stroke and outcome status differ between the sexes. Such data are lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed sex differences in stroke risk factors, clinical profiles, and outcomes in the medical ward of Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed among stroke patients. Medical records with complete information and a confirmed diagnosis of stroke using imaging techniques were included in the study. Using simple random sampling, 344 medical records were selected, 312 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and a chi-square test were employed. The frequency, percentage, and mean and standard deviation of the variables were described using descriptive statistics. Findings with a P-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Most of the patients were above or equal to 45 years old in both sexes. A significantly higher number of male than female patients were aged less than 45 years (p-value-0.001). Younger age (AOR: 2.998, p = 0.000), cigarette smoking (AOR: 2.911, p = 0.009), and Khat chewing (AOR: 3.650, p = 0.001) were risk factors for stroke in males. A higher number of males presented with hemiplegia/hemiparesis 89 (28.5%), aphasia 45 (14.4%), and facial palsy 19 (6.1%). However, more females were unconscious (15.1%). Significant differences were not seen in the stroke outcomes. Furthermore, there were no apparent differences in risk factors for stroke-related mortality.
Males developed stroke at a younger age. Women were older at the time of stroke onset and presented unconscious. More males experienced hemiplegia/hemiparesis, aphasia, and facial palsy. Smoking, drinking, and khat chewing were risk factors for stroke in men. There were no gender differences in the stroke death rate. Therefore, educating the public about stroke risk factors, lifestyle modification, and conducting prospective research is required.
中风是一种影响男性和女性的血管意外。中风的威胁和结局状况在性别之间存在差异。埃塞俄比亚缺乏此类数据。因此，本研究评估了德西综合专科医院内科病房中风危险因素、临床特征和结局方面的性别差异。
对中风患者进行回顾性横断面研究。研究纳入了信息完整且通过影像学技术确诊为中风的病历。采用简单随机抽样，选取了344份病历，其中312份符合纳入标准。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以及卡方检验。使用描述性统计描述变量的频率、百分比、均值和标准差。P值<0.05的结果被认为具有统计学意义。
男女患者大多年龄在45岁及以上。年龄小于45岁的男性患者数量显著多于女性患者（p值 = 0.001）。年轻（调整后比值比：2.998，p = 0.000）、吸烟（调整后比值比：2.911，p = 0.009）和咀嚼恰特草（调整后比值比：3.650，p = 0.001）是男性中风的危险因素。更多男性出现偏瘫/轻偏瘫89例（28.5%）、失语45例（14.4%）和面瘫19例（6.1%）。然而，更多女性处于昏迷状态（15.1%）。中风结局未见显著差异。此外中风相关死亡率的危险因素也无明显差异。
男性中风发病年龄较轻。女性中风发病时年龄较大且表现为昏迷。更多男性经历偏瘫/轻偏瘫、失语和面瘫。吸烟、饮酒和咀嚼恰特草是男性中风的危险因素。中风死亡率不存在性别差异。因此，需要对公众进行中风危险因素教育、生活方式改变教育并开展前瞻性研究。
