Zhou Haiying, Hwarari Delight, Ma Hongyu, Xu Haibin, Yang Liming, Luo Yuming
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative In-novation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China.
College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Front Genet. 2022 Nov 9;13:1060546. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1060546. eCollection 2022.
The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TBI1), CYCLOIDEA (CYC), and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN FACTORS (PCF1 and PCF2) proteins truncated as TCP transcription factors carry conserved basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structure, related to DNA binding functions. Evolutionary history of the TCP genes has shown their presence in early land plants. In this paper, we performed a comparative discussion on the current knowledge of the TCP Transcription Factors in lower and higher plants: their evolutionary history based on the phylogenetics of 849 TCP proteins from 37 plant species, duplication events, and biochemical roles in some of the plants species. Phylogenetics investigations confirmed the classification of TCP TFs into Class I (the PCF1/2), and Class II (the C- clade) factors; the Class II factors were further divided into the CIN- and CYC/TB1- subclade. A trace in the evolution of the TCP Factors revealed an absence of the CYC/TB1subclade in lower plants, and an independent evolution of the CYC/TB1subclade in both eudicot and monocot species. 54% of the total duplication events analyzed were biased towards the dispersed duplication, and we concluded that dispersed duplication events contributed to the expansion of the TCP gene family. Analysis in the TCP factors functional roles confirmed their involvement in various biochemical processes which mainly included promoting cell proliferation in leaves in Class I TCPs, and cell division during plant development in Class II TCP Factors. Apart from growth and development, the TCP Factors were also shown to regulate hormonal and stress response pathways. Although this paper does not exhaust the present knowledge of the TCP Transcription Factors, it provides a base for further exploration of the gene family.
作为TCP转录因子被截短的玉米分枝1（TBI1）、轮状花（CYC）和增殖细胞核抗原因子（PCF1和PCF2）蛋白具有保守的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）结构，与DNA结合功能相关。TCP基因的进化史表明它们存在于早期陆地植物中。在本文中，我们对低等植物和高等植物中TCP转录因子的现有知识进行了比较讨论：基于来自37种植物的849个TCP蛋白的系统发育学、复制事件以及一些植物物种中的生化作用，探讨了它们的进化史。系统发育学研究证实TCP转录因子可分为I类（PCF1/2）和II类（C分支）因子；II类因子进一步分为CIN和CYC/TB1亚分支。TCP因子进化过程中的一个线索表明，低等植物中不存在CYC/TB1亚分支，而在双子叶植物和单子叶植物中CYC/TB1亚分支是独立进化的。分析的所有复制事件中有54%偏向于分散复制，我们得出结论，分散复制事件促成了TCP基因家族的扩张。对TCP因子功能作用的分析证实它们参与了各种生化过程，主要包括I类TCP蛋白促进叶片中的细胞增殖，以及II类TCP因子在植物发育过程中促进细胞分裂。除了生长和发育，TCP因子还被证明可调节激素和应激反应途径。虽然本文并未穷尽关于TCP转录因子的现有知识，但它为进一步探索该基因家族提供了一个基础。
