Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 1;24(3):2757. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032757.
Drug delivery systems, which use components at the nanoscale level as diagnostic tools or to release therapeutic drugs to particular target areas in a regulated manner, are a fast-evolving field of science. The active pharmaceutical substance can be released via the drug delivery system to produce the desired therapeutic effect. The poor bioavailability and irregular plasma drug levels of conventional drug delivery systems (tablets, capsules, syrups, etc.) prevent them from achieving sustained delivery. The entire therapy process may be ineffective without a reliable delivery system. To achieve optimal safety and effectiveness, the drug must also be administered at a precision-controlled rate and the targeted spot. The issues with traditional drug delivery are overcome by the development of stimuli-responsive controlled drug release. Over the past decades, regulated drug delivery has evolved considerably, progressing from large- and nanoscale to smart-controlled drug delivery for several diseases. The current review provides an updated overview of recent developments in the field of stimuli-responsive boron-based materials in drug delivery for various diseases. Boron-containing compounds such as boron nitride, boronic acid, and boron dipyrromethene have been developed as a moving field of research in drug delivery. Due to their ability to achieve precise control over drug release through the response to particular stimuli (pH, light, glutathione, glucose or temperature), stimuli-responsive nanoscale drug delivery systems are attracting a lot of attention. The potential of developing their capabilities to a wide range of nanoscale systems, such as nanoparticles, nanosheets/nanospheres, nanotubes, nanocarriers, microneedles, nanocapsules, hydrogel, nanoassembly, etc., is also addressed and examined. This review also provides overall design principles to include stimuli-responsive boron nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, which might inspire new concepts and applications.
药物传递系统利用纳米级别的组件作为诊断工具，或者以受控的方式向特定的靶区释放治疗性药物，是一个快速发展的科学领域。活性药物物质可以通过药物传递系统释放，以产生所需的治疗效果。传统药物传递系统（片剂、胶囊、糖浆等）的生物利用度差和血浆药物水平不规则，使其无法实现持续传递。如果没有可靠的传递系统，整个治疗过程可能无效。为了达到最佳的安全性和有效性，药物还必须以精确控制的速度和靶向点给药。通过开发对刺激有响应的控制药物释放，可以克服传统药物传递的问题。在过去的几十年中，受控药物传递得到了很大的发展，从大尺寸和纳米尺寸发展到针对多种疾病的智能控制药物传递。本综述提供了对各种疾病中基于硼的刺激响应材料在药物传递领域的最新进展的更新概述。含硼化合物，如氮化硼、硼酸和硼二吡咯甲川，已被开发为药物传递研究的一个活跃领域。由于它们能够通过对特定刺激（pH 值、光、谷胱甘肽、葡萄糖或温度）的响应来精确控制药物释放，因此对刺激响应的纳米级药物传递系统引起了广泛关注。还探讨了将其功能扩展到各种纳米级系统（如纳米粒子、纳米片/纳米球、纳米管、纳米载体、微针、纳米胶囊、水凝胶、纳米组装等）的潜力。本综述还提供了包括刺激响应硼纳米材料药物传递系统的总体设计原则，这可能会激发新的概念和应用。
