Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 18;24(8):7470. doi: 10.3390/ijms24087470.
Astrocytes, the most abundant group of glia cells in the brain, provide support for neurons and indicate multiple various functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Growing data additionally describe their role in the regulation of immune system activity. They exert their function not only by direct contact with other cell types, but also through an indirect method, e.g., by secreting various molecules. One such structure is extracellular vesicles, which are important mediators of crosstalk between cells. In our study, we observed that the impact of exosomes derived from astrocytes with various functional phenotype differently affect the immune response of CD4+ T cells, both from healthy individuals and from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Astrocytes, by modulating exosome cargo, impacts the release of IFN-γ, IL-17A and CCL2 in our experimental conditions. Considering the proteins concentration in cell culture supernatants and the cellular percentage of Th phenotypes, it could be stated that human astrocytes, by the release of exosomes, are able to modify the activity of human T cells.
星形胶质细胞是大脑中最丰富的神经胶质细胞群，为神经元提供支持，并在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中表现出多种不同的功能。越来越多的数据还描述了它们在调节免疫系统活动中的作用。它们的功能不仅通过与其他细胞类型的直接接触来实现，还可以通过间接方式实现，例如通过分泌各种分子。细胞外囊泡就是这样一种结构，它是细胞间串扰的重要介质。在我们的研究中，我们观察到具有不同功能表型的星形胶质细胞衍生的外体对健康个体和多发性硬化症 (MS) 患者的 CD4+T 细胞免疫反应的影响不同。星形胶质细胞通过调节外体货物，影响 IFN-γ、IL-17A 和 CCL2 在我们实验条件下的释放。考虑到细胞培养上清液中的蛋白质浓度和 Th 表型的细胞百分比，可以说人类星形胶质细胞通过释放外体能够改变人类 T 细胞的活性。
