Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 5;13(6):620. doi: 10.3390/bios13060620.
The appearance of biological molecules, so-called biomarkers in body fluids at abnormal concentrations, is considered a good tool for detecting disease. Biomarkers are usually looked for in the most common body fluids, such as blood, nasopharyngeal fluids, urine, tears, sweat, etc. Even with significant advances in diagnostic technology, many patients with suspected infections receive empiric antimicrobial therapy rather than appropriate treatment, which is driven by rapid identification of the infectious agent, leading to increased antimicrobial resistance. To positively impact healthcare, new tests are needed that are pathogen-specific, easy to use, and produce results quickly. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors can achieve these general goals and have enormous potential for disease detection. This article aimed to overview recent articles dedicated to electrochemical sensors modified with MIP to detect protein-based biomarkers of certain infectious diseases in human beings, particularly the biomarkers of infectious diseases, such as HIV-1, COVID-19, Dengue virus, and others. Some biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) found in blood tests, are not specific for a particular disease but are used to identify any inflammation process in the body and are also under consideration in this review. Other biomarkers are specific to a particular disease, e.g., SARS-CoV-2-S spike glycoprotein. This article analyzes the development of electrochemical sensors using molecular imprinting technology and the used materials' influence. The research methods, the application of different electrodes, the influence of the polymers, and the established detection limits are reviewed and compared.
生物分子（即体液中异常浓度的所谓生物标志物）的出现被认为是检测疾病的良好工具。生物标志物通常在最常见的体液中寻找，如血液、鼻咽液、尿液、眼泪、汗液等。即使诊断技术有了显著进步，许多疑似感染的患者仍接受经验性抗菌治疗，而不是适当的治疗，这是由于快速识别感染病原体导致抗菌药物耐药性增加。为了对医疗保健产生积极影响，需要开发具有病原体特异性、易于使用且快速产生结果的新测试。基于分子印迹聚合物（MIP）的生物传感器可以实现这些总体目标，并且在疾病检测方面具有巨大的潜力。本文旨在综述最近关于电化学传感器的文章，这些传感器经过 MIP 修饰，用于检测人类某些传染病的基于蛋白质的生物标志物，特别是传染病的生物标志物，如 HIV-1、COVID-19、登革热病毒等。一些生物标志物，如血液检测中的 C 反应蛋白（CRP），并非特定于特定疾病，但可用于识别体内任何炎症过程，这也在本综述中进行了考虑。其他生物标志物则特定于特定疾病，例如 SARS-CoV-2-S 刺突糖蛋白。本文分析了使用分子印迹技术和所用材料的影响的电化学传感器的发展。综述和比较了研究方法、不同电极的应用、聚合物的影响以及建立的检测限。
