Viola M V, Fromowitz F, Oravez S, Deb S, Schlom J
J Exp Med. 1985 May 1;161(5):1213-8. doi: 10.1084/jem.161.5.1213.
ras Oncogene p21 antigen is present in the most superficial cells of the normal bladder urothelium, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. The pattern and intensity of p21 staining of cells in epithelial hyperplasia and low grade bladder carcinoma were similar to that seen in the normal urothelium. In contrast, epithelial cells in "premalignant" (dysplastic) lesions and high grade carcinomas exhibited an intense staining reaction for p21 antigen. ras p21 may be a useful marker for the malignant potential of both premalignant lesions and carcinomas of the bladder.
免疫组化染色显示，ras癌基因p21抗原存在于正常膀胱尿路上皮最表层的细胞中。上皮增生和低级别膀胱癌中细胞的p21染色模式和强度与正常尿路上皮中的相似。相比之下，“癌前”（发育异常）病变和高级别癌中的上皮细胞对p21抗原呈现强烈的染色反应。ras p21可能是膀胱癌前病变和癌恶性潜能的有用标志物。
