Occupational asthma in a factory with a contaminated humidifier.

Thirty five printers who had work related wheeze, chest tightness, or breathlessness kept two hourly records of their peak expiratory flow for at least two weeks. They all worked in a factory supplied by air from contaminated humidifiers. The peak flow records showed consistent work related deterioration in 15 workers, nine of whom had a diurnal variation in peak flow exceeding 20%. Ten workers kept further records after the humidifiers had been cleaned, other work practices remaining unchanged. There was substantial improvement in all 10 workers, implying that material from the contaminated humidifier was the cause of the work related changes in peak flow. The patterns of work related changes in peak flow fell into four groups: falls maximal on the first work day, falls maximal midweek, falls equivalent each work day, and falls progressive throughout the working week. Three quarters of this last group had immediate prick test responses to humidifier antigen, which were negative in all the others with work related changes in peak flow. This suggests that the progressive daily deterioration pattern alone is due to an IgE mediated response to humidifier antigens. A large range of microorganisms was identified in the humidifiers. No single microorganism appeared to be the antigen responsible for the precipitating antibody seen in 75% of the study population.