Carskadon M A, Harvey K, Dement W C, Guilleminault C, Simmons F B, Anders T F
West J Med. 1978 Jun;128(6):477-81.
In 22 children (11 boys and 11 girls), aged 9 to 13 years, respiration was monitored during one night of sleep. No child had a significant history of breathing problems during sleep. Sleep was recorded using standard techniques (electroencephalography, electrooculography, electromyography), and respiration was measured with nasal thermistors and abdominal or thoracic strain gauges. Respiratory pauses (five seconds or longer) were determined for all sleep stages. Respiratory rate was scored only in the first and last sleep cycles and during ten waking minutes before sleep onset. Respiratory rate was significantly affected by wakefulness or stage of sleep: highest in wakefulness and stage 1, lowest in stage 2 of the last sleep cycle. Regularity of respiratory rate showed a similar effect. Variance of respiratory rate was significantly lower in girls than boys. Respiratory pauses during sleep were seen in every child, ranging from 3 to 40 pauses per night (average, 17.2 for boys and 18.0 for girls). Significantly greater numbers of pauses per minute were seen in stage 1 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than in stages 2, 3 and 4. The longest respiratory pause was 25 seconds. The conclusion is made that a small number of respiratory pauses during sleep are normal in children of this age.
对22名9至13岁的儿童（11名男孩和11名女孩）进行了一晚睡眠期间的呼吸监测。没有儿童有明显的睡眠呼吸问题病史。采用标准技术（脑电图、眼电图、肌电图）记录睡眠情况，并用鼻热敏电阻和腹部或胸部应变仪测量呼吸。确定了所有睡眠阶段的呼吸暂停（持续5秒或更长时间）。仅在第一个和最后一个睡眠周期以及入睡前十分钟的清醒状态下记录呼吸频率。呼吸频率受清醒或睡眠阶段的显著影响：在清醒和第1阶段最高，在最后一个睡眠周期的第2阶段最低。呼吸频率的规律性也有类似影响。女孩呼吸频率的方差显著低于男孩。每个儿童睡眠期间均出现呼吸暂停，每晚3至40次（男孩平均17.2次，女孩平均18.0次）。第1阶段和快速眼动（REM）睡眠中的每分钟呼吸暂停次数明显多于第2、3和4阶段。最长的呼吸暂停为25秒。得出的结论是，这个年龄段的儿童睡眠期间出现少量呼吸暂停是正常的。
