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1
Inhaling habits among smokers of different types of cigarette.不同类型香烟吸烟者的吸入习惯。
Thorax. 1980 Dec;35(12):925-8. doi: 10.1136/thx.35.12.925.
2
Relative intakes of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide from cigarettes of different yields.不同焦油、尼古丁和一氧化碳含量香烟的相对摄入量。
Thorax. 1984 May;39(5):361-4. doi: 10.1136/thx.39.5.361.
3
Relationship between cigarette yields, puffing patterns, and smoke intake: evidence for tar compensation?香烟产量、抽吸模式与烟雾吸入量之间的关系:焦油补偿的证据?
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285(6342):600-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6342.600.
4
Relation of nicotine yield of cigarettes to blood nicotine concentrations in smokers.吸烟者香烟的尼古丁产量与血液中尼古丁浓度的关系。
Br Med J. 1980 Apr 5;280(6219):972-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.280.6219.972.
5
Inhaling and lung cancer: an anomaly explained.吸入与肺癌:一种异常现象的解释
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983 Oct 29;287(6401):1273-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.287.6401.1273.
6
The tar reduction study: randomised trial of the effect of cigarette tar yield reduction on compensatory smoking.焦油减量研究:降低香烟焦油含量对代偿性吸烟影响的随机试验
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Reduction of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide intake in low tar smokers.降低低焦油吸烟者的焦油、尼古丁和一氧化碳摄入量。
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1986 Mar;40(1):80-5. doi: 10.1136/jech.40.1.80.
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The importance of tar and nicotine in determining cigarette smoking habits.焦油和尼古丁在决定吸烟习惯方面的重要性。
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1981 Mar;35(1):23-4. doi: 10.1136/jech.35.1.23.

引用本文的文献

1
The importance of tar and nicotine in determining cigarette smoking habits.焦油和尼古丁在决定吸烟习惯方面的重要性。
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1981 Mar;35(1):23-4. doi: 10.1136/jech.35.1.23.
2
Relationship between cigarette yields, puffing patterns, and smoke intake: evidence for tar compensation?香烟产量、抽吸模式与烟雾吸入量之间的关系:焦油补偿的证据?
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285(6342):600-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6342.600.
3
Blood carboxyhaemoglobin, plasma thiocyanate, and cigarette consumption: implications for epidemiological studies in smokers.血液碳氧血红蛋白、血浆硫氰酸盐与香烟消耗量:对吸烟者流行病学研究的意义
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 May 22;284(6328):1516-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6328.1516.
4
Would a medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette be less hazardous to health?中等尼古丁含量、低焦油的香烟对健康危害会更小吗?
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Nov 14;283(6302):1292-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.283.6302.1292.
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Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked.吸低尼古丁香烟时, puff volume会增加。 (注:这里“puff volume”可能是个特定术语,比如“ puff volume”可能是指“ puff容量”之类的,具体准确含义需结合更多背景信息确定,这里仅按字面翻译)
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6
Relative intakes of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide from cigarettes of different yields.不同焦油、尼古丁和一氧化碳含量香烟的相对摄入量。
Thorax. 1984 May;39(5):361-4. doi: 10.1136/thx.39.5.361.
7
Plasma retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E levels in relation to the future risk of breast cancer.血浆视黄醇、β-胡萝卜素和维生素E水平与未来患乳腺癌风险的关系。
Br J Cancer. 1984 Mar;49(3):321-4. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1984.50.
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Switching to low tar cigarettes: are the tar league tables relevant?改用低焦油香烟:焦油排行榜有意义吗?
Thorax. 1984 Sep;39(9):657-62. doi: 10.1136/thx.39.9.657.
9
Inhaling and lung cancer: an anomaly explained.吸入与肺癌:一种异常现象的解释
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983 Oct 29;287(6401):1273-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.287.6401.1273.
10
Haematological and haemorheological changes associated with cigarette smoking.与吸烟相关的血液学和血液流变学变化。
J Clin Pathol. 1985 Sep;38(9):978-84. doi: 10.1136/jcp.38.9.978.

本文引用的文献

1
Relation of nicotine yield of cigarettes to blood nicotine concentrations in smokers.吸烟者香烟的尼古丁产量与血液中尼古丁浓度的关系。
Br Med J. 1980 Apr 5;280(6219):972-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.280.6219.972.
2
The effect of varying the nicotine content of cigarettes on human smoking behaviour.改变香烟尼古丁含量对人类吸烟行为的影响。
Psychopharmacologia. 1971;19(2):188-92. doi: 10.1007/BF00402641.
3
Puffing frequency and nicotine intake in cigarette smokers.吸烟者的抽吸频率与尼古丁摄入量。
Br Med J. 1970 Sep 19;3(5724):679-81. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5724.679.
4
The epidemiology of lung cancer. Recent trends.肺癌的流行病学。近期趋势。
JAMA. 1970 Sep 28;213(13):2221-8.
5
Comparison of effect on tobacco consumption and carbon monoxide absorption of changing to high and low nicotine cigarettes.改用高尼古丁和低尼古丁香烟对烟草消费及一氧化碳吸收影响的比较。
Br Med J. 1973 Dec 1;4(5891):512-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5891.512.
6
Some effects of changing to low-tar and low-nicotine cigarettes.改用低焦油和低尼古丁香烟的一些影响。
Lancet. 1974 Sep 28;2(7883):737-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90938-6.
7
Plasma nicotine levels after smoking cigarettes with high, medium, and low nicotine yields.吸食尼古丁含量高、中、低的香烟后的血浆尼古丁水平。
Br Med J. 1975 May 24;2(5968):414-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5968.414.
8
"Tar" and nicotine content of cigarette smoke in relation to death rates.香烟烟雾中的“焦油”和尼古丁含量与死亡率的关系。
Environ Res. 1976 Dec;12(3):263-74. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(76)90036-0.
9
Changes of smoking habits and cough in men smoking cigarettes with 30% NSM tobacco substitute.使用30%非吸烟烟草替代品的男性吸烟习惯和咳嗽的变化。
Br Med J. 1976 Jun 12;1(6023):1427-30. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6023.1427.
10
Adjustment of smokers to dilution of tobacco smoke by ventilated cigarette holders.吸烟者对通风烟嘴稀释烟草烟雾的适应情况。
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Oct;24(4):395-405. doi: 10.1002/cpt1978244395.

不同类型香烟吸烟者的吸入习惯。

Inhaling habits among smokers of different types of cigarette.

作者信息

Wald N J, Idle M, Boreham J, Bailey A

出版信息

Thorax. 1980 Dec;35(12):925-8. doi: 10.1136/thx.35.12.925.

DOI:10.1136/thx.35.12.925
PMID:7268668
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC471416/
Abstract

Inhaling habits were studied in 1316 men who freely smoked their usual brands of cigarette. An index of inhaling was calculated for each person by dividing the estimated increase in carboxyhaemoglobin level from a standard number of cigarettes by the carbon monoxide yield of the cigarette smoked. Smokers of ventilated filter cigarettes inhaled 82% more than smokers of plain cigarettes (p less than 0.001) and those who smoked unventilated filter cigarettes inhaled 36% more (p less than 0.001). Cigarette consumption was similar among smokers of each type of cigarette. Assuming that the intake of tar and nicotine is proportional to the inhaling index, the intake in either group of filter cigarette smokers would have been less than that in plain cigarette smokers. Among smokers of unventilated cigarettes, however, the intake would not have been much less.

摘要

对1316名自由吸食其常用品牌香烟的男性的吸入习惯进行了研究。通过用标准数量香烟导致的羧基血红蛋白水平估计增加量除以所吸香烟的一氧化碳产量,为每个人计算了一个吸入指数。通风过滤嘴香烟吸烟者的吸入量比普通香烟吸烟者多82%(p<0.001),而吸不通风过滤嘴香烟者的吸入量多36%(p<0.001)。每种香烟类型的吸烟者的香烟消费量相似。假设焦油和尼古丁的摄入量与吸入指数成正比,那么两类过滤嘴香烟吸烟者的摄入量都应低于普通香烟吸烟者。然而,在吸不通风香烟的人群中,摄入量不会少太多。