Scott-Conner C E, Schorr S J
Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi, Medical Center, Jackson, USA.
Am J Surg. 1995 Oct;170(4):401-5. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9610(99)80313-4.
In addition to mastitis, lactational breast abscesses, and several other benign conditions unique to the puerperium, pregnant women may develop any of the other breast problems seen in the nonpregnant female population. This review deals with the diagnosis and management of breast problems during pregnancy and lactation.
A literature review of the evaluation, technique of biopsy, and treatment of cancer in pregnant women was conducted.
The most common problems fall into a spectrum of infectious complications from milk stasis or mastitis to frank abscess formation. Galactoceles, noninfected milk-filled cysts, present as tender masses; aspiration is both diagnostic and curative. Benign fibroadenomas occasionally enlarge significantly or infarct during pregnancy. A physiologic nipple discharge is common during pregnancy, and may be bloody. Rare cases of massive breast hypertrophy during pregnancy have been reported. The mortality of breast cancer during pregnancy is related to delay: compared stage-for-stage with nonpregnant controls, the prognosis is similar. As a general rule, the cancer should be treated surgically and the pregnancy may be allowed to progress.
除了乳腺炎、哺乳期乳腺脓肿以及产褥期特有的其他几种良性病症外，孕妇还可能出现非孕期女性人群中可见的任何其他乳腺问题。本综述探讨孕期和哺乳期乳腺问题的诊断与管理。
对孕妇癌症的评估、活检技术及治疗进行了文献综述。
最常见的问题包括一系列从乳汁淤积或乳腺炎到明显脓肿形成的感染性并发症。积乳囊肿，即未感染的充满乳汁的囊肿，表现为压痛性肿块；抽吸既是诊断方法也是治疗手段。良性纤维腺瘤在孕期偶尔会显著增大或梗死。孕期生理性乳头溢液很常见，且可能为血性。有报道称孕期罕见的巨大乳腺肥大病例。孕期乳腺癌的死亡率与延误有关：与非孕期对照逐期相比，预后相似。一般而言，癌症应接受手术治疗，且可允许妊娠继续。
