Dunn A L
Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 1996 Sep;30(3):193-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.30.3.193.
The aim of this paper has been to review methods that have been found to be effective in getting sedentary adults to adopt physical activity, to examine these methods within the multilevel framework conceptualised by Winett et al, and to provide recommendations for future research to test new methods and their effectiveness in leading to the adoption of physical activity in sedentary populations. Searches for relevant studies were conducted on the Medline computerised database. Additional studies were located in reference sections of these studies and other review papers. Surveys that specifically identified determinants of adoption of physical activity in adults were included. Reviewed articles were selected on the basis of quasi-experimental and experimental designs that specifically examined the question of how to get sedentary adults to adopt a programme of physical activity or exercise, had completely described methods, and evaluated the effectiveness of methods of increasing physical activity and/or exercise. While numerous reviews have been written on determinants on physical activity adoption and maintenance, only two prospective surveys have identified specifics of adoption of physical activity. Most of the evidence for techniques that help inactive people to adopt physical activity comes from quasi-experimental and experimental intervention studies examining various cognitive and behavioural strategies at the individual level. Fewer studies have examined techniques at the interpersonal, organisational, community, environmental, and policy level. More prospective observational studies aimed at homogeneous subgroups are needed to identify correlates of physical activity adoption to help tailor interventions. Continued clinical studies are needed to differentiate the necessary and sufficient strategies at the personal and interpersonal levels. Interventions aimed at environmental, institutional, and social levels remain largely unexplored and there is a need for more research that specifically targets inactive subgroups at these levels.
本文的目的是回顾已发现的能有效促使久坐不动的成年人进行体育活动的方法，在由维内特等人概念化的多层次框架内审视这些方法，并为未来研究提供建议，以测试新方法及其在促使久坐人群进行体育活动方面的有效性。在Medline计算机化数据库中搜索相关研究。在这些研究的参考文献部分以及其他综述论文中找到了更多研究。纳入了专门确定成年人体育活动采用决定因素的调查。被审查的文章是基于准实验和实验设计挑选出来的，这些设计专门研究了如何让久坐不动的成年人采用体育活动或锻炼计划，完整描述了方法，并评估了增加体育活动和/或锻炼方法的有效性。虽然已经撰写了大量关于体育活动采用和维持决定因素的综述，但只有两项前瞻性调查确定了体育活动采用的具体情况。帮助不活跃人群采用体育活动的技术的大多数证据来自在个体层面研究各种认知和行为策略的准实验和实验性干预研究。较少有研究在人际、组织、社区、环境和政策层面研究相关技术。需要更多针对同质亚组的前瞻性观察性研究来确定体育活动采用的相关因素，以帮助定制干预措施。需要持续进行临床研究，以区分个人和人际层面必要和充分的策略。针对环境、机构和社会层面的干预措施在很大程度上仍未得到探索，需要更多专门针对这些层面不活跃亚组的研究。
