Ihantola-Vormisto A, Summanen J, Kankaanranta H, Vuorela H, Asmawi Z M, Moilanen E
Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland.
Planta Med. 1997 Dec;63(6):518-24. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-957754.
Leaves and fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L. have been used for the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic treatment of rural populations in its growing areas in subtropical and tropical parts of China, India, Indonesia, and the Malay Peninsula. In the present study, leaves of Ph. emblica were extracted with ten different solvents (n-hexane, diethyl ether, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane, toluene, chloroform, and water). The inhibitory activity of the extracts against human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and platelet functions was studied. Methanol, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane extracts (50 micrograms/ml) inhibited leukotriene B4-induced migration of human PMNs by 90% and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced degranulation by 25-35%. The inhibitory activity on receptor-mediated migration and degranulation of human PMNs was associated with a high proportion of polar compounds in the extracts as assessed by normal phase thin layer chromatography. Diethyl ether extract (50 micrograms/ml) inhibited calcium ionophore A23187-induced leukotriene B4 release from human PMNs by 40%, thromboxane B2 production in platelets during blood clotting by 40% and adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation by 36%. Ellagic acid, gallic acid and rutin, all compounds isolated earlier from Ph. emblica, could not explain these inhibitory activities on PMNs or platelets by Ph. emblica extracts. These results show that the leaves of Ph. emblica have inhibitory activity on PMNs and platelets, which confirm the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of this plant as suggested by its use in traditional medicine. The data suggest that the plant leaves contain as yet unidentified polar compound(s) with potent inhibitory activity on PMNs and chemically different apolar molecule(s) which inhibit both prostanoid and leukotriene synthesis.
余甘子的叶和果实已被中国、印度、印度尼西亚和马来半岛亚热带及热带种植区的农村人口用于抗炎和解热治疗。在本研究中，用十种不同溶剂（正己烷、乙醚、甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸、二氯甲烷、1,4 - 二氧六环、甲苯、氯仿和水）提取余甘子叶。研究了提取物对人多形核白细胞（PMN）和血小板功能的抑制活性。甲醇、四氢呋喃和1,4 - 二氧六环提取物（50微克/毫升）可抑制白三烯B4诱导的人PMN迁移达90%，并抑制N - 甲酰 - L - 蛋氨酰 - L - 亮氨酰 - L - 苯丙氨酸（FMLP）诱导的脱颗粒达25% - 35%。通过正相薄层色谱评估，提取物中高比例的极性化合物与对人PMN受体介导的迁移和脱颗粒的抑制活性相关。乙醚提取物（50微克/毫升）可抑制钙离子载体A23187诱导的人PMN释放白三烯B4达40%，抑制血液凝固过程中血小板生成血栓素B2达40%，并抑制肾上腺素诱导的血小板聚集达36%。之前从余甘子中分离出的鞣花酸、没食子酸和芦丁，均无法解释余甘子提取物对PMN或血小板的这些抑制活性。这些结果表明，余甘子叶对PMN和血小板具有抑制活性，这证实了该植物在传统医学中所显示的抗炎和解热特性。数据表明，该植物叶含有尚未鉴定的对PMN具有强抑制活性的极性化合物以及化学性质不同的抑制前列腺素和白三烯合成的非极性分子。
