Zahm S H, Weisenburger D D, Babbitt P A, Saal R C, Vaught J B, Blair A
Occupational Studies Section, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892.
Am J Public Health. 1992 Jul;82(7):990-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.7.990.
Hair coloring products are widely used and contain components that are mutagenic and carcinogenic. An association between occupational exposure to hair coloring products and hematopoietic cancers has been reported, but the risk for these cancers among users has not been carefully evaluated.
We conducted a population-based, case-control study with telephone interviews from 385 with telephone interviews from 385 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases, 70 Hodgkin's disease cases, 72 multiple myeloma cases, 56 chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases, and 1432 controls.
Among women, use was associated with odds ratios of 1.5 for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1.7 for Hodgkin's disease, 1.8 for multiple myeloma, and 1.0 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Risk was higher for permanent hair coloring products than for semi- or nonpermanent products, particularly for dark colors. Long duration and early age of first use tended to increase risk, but the patterns were inconsistent. Use was much less common in men and did not significantly increase risk.
The use of hair coloring products appears to increase the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Multiple myeloma and Hodgkin's disease were also associated, although based on far fewer subjects. If these results represent a causal association, use of hair coloring products would account for 35% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases in exposed women and 20% in all women.
染发产品被广泛使用，且含有具有致突变性和致癌性的成分。职业性接触染发产品与造血系统癌症之间的关联已有报道，但染发产品使用者患这些癌症的风险尚未得到仔细评估。
我们开展了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，通过电话访谈了385例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者、70例霍奇金病患者、72例多发性骨髓瘤患者、56例慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者以及1432名对照者。
在女性中，使用染发产品与非霍奇金淋巴瘤的比值比为1.5、霍奇金病为1.7、多发性骨髓瘤为1.8、慢性淋巴细胞白血病为1.0。永久性染发产品的风险高于半永久性或非永久性产品，尤其是深色产品。首次使用的时间长和年龄小往往会增加风险，但模式并不一致。男性使用染发产品的情况要少得多，且未显著增加风险。
使用染发产品似乎会增加患非霍奇金淋巴瘤的风险。多发性骨髓瘤和霍奇金病也与之相关，尽管基于的研究对象要少得多。如果这些结果代表因果关系，则使用染发产品将占接触染发产品女性中非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例的35%，占所有女性的20%。
