National Center for Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD, USA.
Public Health Rep. 2011 May-Jun;126 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):64-75. doi: 10.1177/00333549111260S110.
This study sought to determine whether renovating low-income housing using "green" and healthy principles improved resident health and building performance.
We investigated resident health and building performance outcomes at baseline and one year after the rehabilitation of low-income housing using Enterprise Green Communities green specifications, which improve ventilation; reduce moisture, mold, pests, and radon; and use sustainable building products and other healthy housing features. We assessed participant health via questionnaire, provided Healthy Homes training to all participants, and measured ventilation, carbon dioxide, and radon.
Adults reported statistically significant improvements in overall health, asthma, and non-asthma respiratory problems. Adults also reported that their children's overall health improved, with significant improvements in non-asthma respiratory problems. Post-renovation building performance testing indicated that the building envelope was tightened and local exhaust fans performed well. New mechanical ventilation was installed (compared with no ventilation previously), with fresh air being supplied at 70% of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers standard. Radon was < 2 picocuries per liter of air following mitigation, and the annual average indoor carbon dioxide level was 982 parts per million. Energy use was reduced by 45% over the one-year post-renovation period.
We found significant health improvements following low-income housing renovation that complied with green standards. All green building standards should include health requirements. Collaboration of housing, public health, and environmental health professionals through integrated design holds promise for improved health, quality of life, building operation, and energy conservation.
本研究旨在确定采用“绿色”和健康原则来翻新低收入住房是否能改善居民健康和建筑性能。
我们使用企业绿色社区绿色规范调查了低收入住房改造前后居民健康和建筑性能的结果，这些规范可改善通风；减少水分、霉菌、害虫和氡；并使用可持续建筑产品和其他健康住宅功能。我们通过问卷评估参与者的健康状况，为所有参与者提供健康家园培训，并测量通风、二氧化碳和氡。
成年人报告在整体健康、哮喘和非哮喘呼吸问题方面有显著改善。成年人还报告说，他们孩子的整体健康状况有所改善，非哮喘呼吸问题有显著改善。改造后的建筑性能测试表明建筑外壳已收紧，局部排气扇性能良好。新安装了机械通风设备（与之前没有通风相比），新鲜空气供应量达到美国采暖、制冷和空调工程师协会标准的 70%。在缓解措施之后，氡含量<2 皮居里/升，年平均室内二氧化碳水平为 982 ppm。在改造后的一年中，能源使用减少了 45%。
我们发现，符合绿色标准的低收入住房改造后，居民健康状况有显著改善。所有绿色建筑标准都应包含健康要求。住房、公共卫生和环境卫生专业人员通过综合设计进行合作，有望改善健康、生活质量、建筑运营和节能。
