Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021313. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
Recent investigations have demonstrated that human milk contains a variety of bacterial genera; however, as of yet very little work has been done to characterize the full diversity of these milk bacterial communities and their relative stability over time. To more thoroughly investigate the human milk microbiome, we utilized microbial identification techniques based on pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Specifically, we characterized the bacterial communities present in milk samples collected from 16 women at three time-points over four weeks. Results indicated that milk bacterial communities were generally complex; several genera represented greater than 5% of the relative community abundance, and the community was often, yet not always, stable over time within an individual. These results support the conclusion that human milk, which is recommended as the optimal nutrition source for almost all healthy infants, contains a collection of bacteria more diverse than previously reported. This finding begs the question as to what role this community plays in colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract and maintaining mammary health.
最近的研究表明，人乳中含有多种细菌属；然而，迄今为止，很少有研究工作能够描述这些乳细菌群落的全部多样性及其随时间的相对稳定性。为了更彻底地研究人类母乳微生物组，我们利用基于 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因焦磷酸测序的微生物鉴定技术。具体来说，我们描述了在四周内三个时间点从 16 名女性采集的牛奶样本中的细菌群落。结果表明，牛奶细菌群落通常很复杂；有几个属的相对丰度大于 5%，并且在个体内，群落通常但并非总是随时间稳定。这些结果支持这样的结论，即推荐给几乎所有健康婴儿的最佳营养来源的人乳含有比以前报道的更多样的细菌集合。这一发现引发了一个问题，即这个群落在婴儿胃肠道定植和维持乳腺健康方面发挥了什么作用。
