Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2010 Dec 3;1:208. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00208. eCollection 2010.
The social Simon effect (SSE) occurs if two participants share a Simon task by making a Go/No-Go response to one of two stimulus features. If the two participants perform this version of the Simon task together, a Simon effect occurs (i.e., performance is better with spatial stimulus-response correspondence), but no effect is observed if participants perform the task separately. The SSE has been attributed to the automatic co-representation of the co-actor's actions, which suggests that it relies on online information about the other's actions. To test this implication, we investigated whether the SSE varies with the presence and amount of online action-related feedback from the other person. Experiment 1 replicated the SSE with auditory stimuli. Experiment 2, in which participants were blindfolded, demonstrated that visual feedback from the other's actions is not necessary for the SSE to occur. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 with a regular and a soundless keyboard. A comparable SSE was obtained in both conditions, suggesting that even auditory online input from the other's actions is not necessary. Taken together, our data suggest that the SSE does not rely on online information about the co-actor's actions but that a priori offline information about another actor's presence is sufficient to generate the effect.
社会西蒙效应（SSE）如果两个参与者通过对两个刺激特征之一做出是/否反应来共同执行西蒙任务，则会发生。如果两个参与者一起执行此版本的西蒙任务，则会出现西蒙效应（即，与空间刺激-反应对应更好），但如果参与者分别执行任务，则不会观察到效果。SSE 归因于共同作用者动作的自动共同表示，这表明它依赖于有关其他人动作的在线信息。为了检验这一含义，我们研究了 SSE 是否随其他人提供的在线动作相关反馈的存在和数量而变化。实验 1 用听觉刺激复制了 SSE。实验 2 中，参与者被蒙住眼睛，证明其他人动作的视觉反馈对于 SSE 的发生并非必需。实验 3 使用常规键盘和无声键盘复制了实验 2。在两种情况下均获得了可比的 SSE，表明即使来自他人动作的听觉在线输入也不是必需的。综上所述，我们的数据表明，SSE 不依赖于关于共同作用者动作的在线信息，而是需要关于另一个作用者存在的先验离线信息才能产生该效应。
