College of Animal Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Virol Sin. 2012 Jun;27(3):194-203. doi: 10.1007/s12250-012-3248-7. Epub 2012 Jun 9.
In recent years (2007 to 2011), although the overall number of rabies cases in China has decreased, there is evidence of emerging or re-emerging cases in regions without previous rabies cases or with low incidence of rabies. To investigate the origin and the factors affecting the spread of rabies in China, specimens were collected from 2007 to 2011 from provinces with emerging and re-emerging cases and tested for the presence of the rabies virus. Positive specimens were combined with sequences from GenBank to perform comparisons of homology and functional sites, and to carry out phylogenetic analyses. Out of these regions, five provinces had 9 positive specimens from canine and cattle, and 34 canine or human specimens were obtained from previously high-incidence provinces. Complete sequences of G gene were obtained for these samples. Homology of the sequences of these 43 specimens was 87%-100% at the nucleotide level and 93.7%-100% at the amino acid level. These G gene sequences were combined with reference sequence from GenBank and used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The results showed that 43 specimens were all assigned to China clade I and clade II, with all specimens from emerging and re-emerging areas placed within clade I. Specimens isolated from Shanxi and Inner Mongolia in 2011 were distinct from previously-isolated local strains and had closer homology to strains from Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin whereas new isolates from Shanghai were tightly clustered with strains isolated in the 1990s. Finally, Shaanxi isolates were clustered with strains from adjacent Sichuan. Our results suggest that the rabies cases in emerging and re-emerging areas in China in the last 5 years are a consequence of the epidemic spreading from of neighboring provinces and regions experiencing a serious epidemic of rabies.
近年来（2007 年至 2011 年），尽管中国的狂犬病发病总体呈下降趋势，但在既往无狂犬病病例或发病率低的地区，有狂犬病出现或重现的证据。为了调查狂犬病在中国的起源和传播因素，我们从出现新发病例和重新出现病例的省份收集了 2007 年至 2011 年的标本，并检测狂犬病病毒的存在。将阳性标本与 GenBank 中的序列相结合，进行同源性和功能位点比较，并进行系统发育分析。在这些地区中，有五个省份的犬和牛中发现了 9 个阳性标本，而来自以前高发病率省份的 34 个犬或人标本也呈阳性。对这些样本进行了 G 基因的完整序列测定。这 43 个样本的序列在核苷酸水平上的同源性为 87%-100%，在氨基酸水平上的同源性为 93.7%-100%。将这些 G 基因序列与 GenBank 中的参考序列结合起来，构建了一个系统发育树。结果表明，这 43 个样本均属于中国 I 群和 II 群，所有来自新出现和重新出现地区的样本都属于 I 群。2011 年山西和内蒙古分离的样本与以往分离的本地株不同，与来自河北、北京和天津的株具有更近的同源性，而来自上海的新分离株与 20 世纪 90 年代分离的株紧密聚集。最后，陕西分离株与相邻四川的株聚类在一起。我们的结果表明，过去 5 年中国新出现和重新出现地区的狂犬病病例是由相邻省份和地区的狂犬病流行传播引起的。
