Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Apr;23(4):750-9. doi: 10.1002/oby.21049. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
This randomized, cross-over trial was designed to investigate the metabolic and appetitive responses to skipping breakfast in overweight women who were habitual breakfast Eaters or Skippers.
Nine Eaters and nine Skippers were studied on two separate days during which subjects ate breakfast (B) or had no breakfast (NB), followed by a standard lunch meal 4 h later. Blood sampling for hormones and metabolites was performed after lunch, and appetite was rated throughout the day.
Interactions between day and habitual breakfast pattern were seen for area under the curve (AUC) for insulin and free fatty acids (FFA). Both insulin (P = 0.020) and FFA (P = 0.023) AUC were higher on the NB day for Eaters but similar on both days for Skippers. Eaters had higher pre lunch hunger AUC on the NB day (P = 0.015) as well as lower pre lunch satiety AUC under both conditions (P = 0.019).
Overall, this study showed that the adverse effects of skipping breakfast (higher insulin and FFA responses to lunch, increased hunger, and decreased satiety) were found primarily in habitual breakfast eaters. This suggests that meal skipping may have enhanced effects in habitual Eaters due to entrainment of metabolic and appetitive regulatory systems.
本随机交叉试验旨在研究习惯性吃早餐的超重女性和不吃早餐的超重女性在不吃早餐时的代谢和食欲反应。
在两天的时间里，9 名吃早餐者和 9 名不吃早餐者分别进行了研究，其中受试者在吃早餐（B）或不吃早餐（NB）后 4 小时后吃标准午餐。午餐后采集激素和代谢物样本，并在一天中评估食欲。
胰岛素和游离脂肪酸（FFA）的曲线下面积（AUC）存在日间和习惯性早餐模式的相互作用。对于吃早餐者，NB 日的胰岛素（P=0.020）和 FFA（P=0.023）AUC 更高，但 Skippers 在两天的结果相似。在 NB 日，吃早餐者的午餐前饥饿 AUC 更高（P=0.015），而在两种情况下的午餐前饱腹感 AUC 均较低（P=0.019）。
总的来说，这项研究表明，不吃早餐的不良影响（午餐时胰岛素和 FFA 反应增加、饥饿感增加、饱腹感降低）主要出现在习惯性吃早餐者中。这表明，由于代谢和食欲调节系统的适应，对于习惯性吃早餐者来说，不吃早餐可能会产生更显著的影响。
