Emmorey Karen, Giezen Marcel R, Gollan Tamar H
School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University.
San Diego State University.
Biling (Camb Engl). 2016 Mar;19(2):223-242. doi: 10.1017/S1366728915000085. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
Bimodal bilinguals, fluent in a signed and a spoken language, exhibit a unique form of bilingualism because their two languages access distinct sensory-motor systems for comprehension and production. Differences between unimodal and bimodal bilinguals have implications for how the brain is organized to control, process, and represent two languages. Evidence from code-blending (simultaneous production of a word and a sign) indicates that the production system can access two lexical representations without cost, and the comprehension system must be able to simultaneously integrate lexical information from two languages. Further, evidence of cross-language activation in bimodal bilinguals indicates the necessity of links between languages at the lexical or semantic level. Finally, the bimodal bilingual brain differs from the unimodal bilingual brain with respect to the degree and extent of neural overlap for the two languages, with less overlap for bimodal bilinguals.
双模式双语者能流利使用一种手语和一种口语，他们展现出一种独特的双语形式，因为他们的两种语言在理解和表达时使用不同的感觉运动系统。单模式和双模式双语者之间的差异对大脑如何组织以控制、处理和表征两种语言具有启示意义。代码混合（同时说出一个单词和做出一个手势）的证据表明，表达系统能够毫无障碍地获取两种词汇表征，而理解系统必须能够同时整合来自两种语言的词汇信息。此外，双模式双语者中跨语言激活的证据表明，在词汇或语义层面，语言之间建立联系是必要的。最后，在两种语言的神经重叠程度和范围方面，双模式双语者的大脑与单模式双语者的大脑有所不同，双模式双语者的神经重叠较少。
