Morford Jill P, Kroll Judith F, Piñar Pilar, Wilkinson Erin
NSF Science of Learning Center on Visual Language and Visual Learning (VL2).
Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico, USA.
Second Lang Res. 2014 Apr 1;30(2):251-271. doi: 10.1177/0267658313503467. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
Recent evidence demonstrates that American Sign Language signs are active during print word recognition in deaf bilinguals who are highly proficient in both ASL and English. In the present study, we investigate whether signs are active during print word recognition in two groups of unbalanced bilinguals: deaf ASL-dominant and hearing English-dominant bilinguals. Participants judged the semantic relatedness of word pairs in English. Critically, a subset of both the semantically related and unrelated English word pairs had phonologically related translations in ASL, but participants were never shown any ASL signs during the experiment. Deaf ASL-dominant bilinguals (Experiment 1) were faster when semantically related English word pairs had similar form translations in ASL, but slower when semantically unrelated words had similar form translations in ASL, indicating that ASL signs are engaged during English print word recognition in these ASL-dominant signers. Hearing English-dominant bilinguals (Experiment 2) were also slower to respond to semantically unrelated English word pairs with similar form translations in ASL, but no facilitation effects were observed in this population. The results provide evidence that the interactive nature of lexical processing in bilinguals is impervious to language modality.
最近的证据表明,对于精通美国手语(ASL)和英语的双语聋人而言,在识别印刷文字期间,ASL手语处于活跃状态。在本研究中,我们调查了两组不平衡双语者在识别印刷文字期间手语是否活跃:以ASL为主的聋人双语者和以英语为主的听力正常双语者。参与者判断英语单词对的语义相关性。关键在于,语义相关和不相关的英语单词对中都有一部分在ASL中有语音相关的翻译,但在实验过程中从未向参与者展示任何ASL手语。以ASL为主的聋人双语者(实验1)在语义相关的英语单词对在ASL中有相似形式的翻译时反应更快,但在语义不相关的单词在ASL中有相似形式的翻译时反应更慢,这表明在这些以ASL为主的手语使用者识别英语印刷文字期间,ASL手语被调动起来。以英语为主的听力正常双语者(实验2)对在ASL中有相似形式翻译的语义不相关的英语单词对的反应也较慢,但在这一群体中未观察到促进效应。结果表明,双语者词汇加工的交互性质不受语言形式的影响。