Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infection Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
AgriPlus, Marcelinska 92, 60-342 Poznan, Poland.
Viruses. 2021 Jun 23;13(7):1212. doi: 10.3390/v13071212.
Prevention and control of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe, Asia, and Africa seem to be extremely difficult in view of the ease with which it spreads, its high resistance to environmental conditions, and the many obstacles related to the introduction of effective specific immunoprophylaxis. Biological properties of ASFV indicate that the African swine fever (ASF) pandemic will continue to develop and that only the implementation of an effective and safe vaccine will ensure a reduction in the spread of ASFV. At present, vaccines against ASF are not available. The latest approaches to the ASFV vaccine's design concentrate on the development of either modified live vaccines by targeted gene deletion from different isolates or subunit vaccines. The construction of an effective vaccine is hindered by the complex structure of the virus, the lack of an effective continuous cell line for the isolation and propagation of ASFV, unpredictable and stain-specific phenotypes after the genetic modification of ASFV, a risk of reversion to virulence, and our current inability to differentiate infected animals from vaccinated ones. Moreover, the design of vaccines intended for wild boars and oral administration is desirable. Despite several obstacles, the design of a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV seems to be achievable.
鉴于其传播的便利性、对环境条件的高抵抗力以及与引入有效特异性免疫预防相关的诸多障碍，在欧洲、亚洲和非洲，预防和控制非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）似乎极其困难。ASFV 的生物学特性表明，非洲猪瘟（ASF）大流行将继续发展，只有实施有效和安全的疫苗才能确保减少 ASFV 的传播。目前，尚无针对 ASF 的疫苗。目前，针对 ASFV 疫苗设计的最新方法主要集中在通过从不同分离株靶向基因缺失来开发改良活疫苗或亚单位疫苗上。由于病毒结构复杂、缺乏有效的连续细胞系用于 ASFV 的分离和繁殖、ASFV 遗传修饰后的表型不可预测且具有菌株特异性、毒力回复的风险以及我们目前无法区分感染动物和接种疫苗的动物，因此，构建有效的疫苗受到阻碍。此外，设计用于野猪和口服给药的疫苗是可取的。尽管存在诸多障碍，但设计一种针对 ASFV 的安全有效的疫苗似乎是可行的。
