Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2021 Sep 1;6(9):696-717. doi: 10.1039/d1nh00179e. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment that leverages components of the immune system as opposed to chemotherapeutics or radiation. Cell migration is an integral process in a therapeutic immune response, and the ability to track and image the migration of immune cells in vivo allows for better characterization of the disease and monitoring of the therapeutic outcomes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising candidates for use in immunotherapy as they are biocompatible, have flexible surface chemistry, and display magnetic properties that may be used in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this review, advances in application of IONPs in cell tracking and cancer immunotherapy are presented. Following a brief overview of the cancer immunity cycle, developments in labeling and tracking various immune cells using IONPs are highlighted. We also discuss factors that influence the effectiveness of IONPs as MRI contrast agents. Finally, we outline different approaches for cancer immunotherapy and highlight current efforts that utilize IONPs to stimulate immune cells to enhance their activity and response to cancer.
癌症免疫疗法是一种新型的癌症治疗方法，它利用免疫系统的成分，而不是化疗药物或辐射。细胞迁移是治疗性免疫反应的一个组成过程，能够跟踪和成像免疫细胞在体内的迁移，从而更好地描述疾病并监测治疗效果。氧化铁纳米粒子（IONPs）是免疫疗法中很有前途的候选物，因为它们具有生物相容性、灵活的表面化学性质，并具有可能用于对比增强磁共振成像（MRI）的磁性。在这篇综述中，介绍了 IONPs 在细胞跟踪和癌症免疫疗法中的应用进展。在简要概述癌症免疫周期之后，突出了使用 IONPs 对各种免疫细胞进行标记和跟踪的发展。我们还讨论了影响 IONPs 作为 MRI 对比剂有效性的因素。最后，我们概述了不同的癌症免疫疗法方法，并强调了当前利用 IONPs 来刺激免疫细胞以增强其对癌症的活性和反应的努力。
