Gupta Parakriti, Singh Mini P, Goyal Kapil, Tripti Pande, Ansari Mohd Ikram, Obli Rajendran Vinodhkumar, Dhama Kuldeep, Malik Yashpal Singh
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Biological Standardization Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India.
Virusdisease. 2021 Sep;32(3):467-479. doi: 10.1007/s13337-021-00716-0. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
Bats have a primeval evolutionary origin and have adopted various survival methods. They have played a central role in the emergence of various viral diseases. The sustenance of a plethora of virus species inside them has been an earnest area of study. This review explains how the evolution of viruses in bats has been linked to their metabolic pathways, flight abilities, reproductive abilities and colonization behaviors. The utilization of host immune response by DNA and RNA viruses is a commencement of the understanding of differences in the impact of viral infection in bats from other mammals. Rabies virus and other viruses have had long documented history as bat viruses. While many others like Ebola virus, Nipah virus, Hantavirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and other new emerging viruses like Sosuga virus, Menangle and Tioman virus are now being studied extensively for their transmission in new hosts. The ongoing pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus has also been implicated to be originated from bats. Certain factors have been linked to spillover events while the scope of entitlement of other conditions in the spread of diseases from bats still exists. However, certain physiological and ecological parameters have been linked to specific transmission patterns, and more definite proofs are awaited for establishing these connections.
蝙蝠有着原始的进化起源，并采用了多种生存方式。它们在各种病毒性疾病的出现中发挥了核心作用。其体内大量病毒种类的存续一直是一个重要的研究领域。这篇综述解释了蝙蝠体内病毒的进化如何与其代谢途径、飞行能力、繁殖能力和栖息行为相关联。DNA和RNA病毒对宿主免疫反应的利用开启了对蝙蝠病毒感染与其他哺乳动物病毒感染影响差异的理解。狂犬病病毒和其他病毒作为蝙蝠病毒有着长期的记载历史。而现在许多其他病毒，如埃博拉病毒、尼帕病毒、汉坦病毒、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV以及其他新出现的病毒，如索苏加病毒、门格勒病毒和刁曼病毒，都在被广泛研究其在新宿主中的传播情况。目前正在流行的SARS-CoV-2病毒也被认为起源于蝙蝠。某些因素与病毒外溢事件有关，而蝙蝠传播疾病中其他情况的归属范围仍然存在。然而，某些生理和生态参数已与特定的传播模式相关联，建立这些联系还需要更确切的证据。
