Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt B):112111. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112111. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Adiposity trajectories reflect dynamic process of growth and may predict later life health better than individual measures. Prenatal phthalate exposures may program later childhood adiposity, but findings from studies examining these associations are conflicting. We investigated associations between phthalate biomarker concentrations during pregnancy with child adiposity trajectories.
We followed 514 mother-child pairs from the Mexico City PROGRESS cohort from pregnancy through twelve years. We measured concentrations of nine phthalate biomarkers in 2nd and 3rd trimester maternal urine samples to create a pregnancy average using the geometric mean. We measured child BMI z-score, fat mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) at three study visits between four and 12 years of age. We identified adiposity trajectories using multivariate latent class growth modeling, considering BMI z-score, FMI, and WHtR as joint indicators of latent adiposity. We estimated associations of phthalates biomarkers with class membership using multinomial logistic regression. We used quantile g-computation to estimate the potential effect of the total phthalate mixture and assessed effect modification by sex.
We identified three trajectories of child adiposity, a "low-stable", a "low-high", and a "high-high" group. A doubling of the sum of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP), was associated with 1.53 (1.08, 2.19) greater odds of being in the "high-high" trajectory in comparison to the "low-stable" group, whereas a doubling in di-isononyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDiNP) was associated with 1.43 (1.02, 2.02) greater odds of being in the "low-high" trajectory and mono (carboxy-isononyl) phthalate (MCNP) was associated with 0.66 (0.45, 97) lower odds of being in the "low-high" trajectory. No sex-specific associations or mixture associations were observed.
Prenatal concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites, DiNP metabolites, and MCNP, a di-isodecyl phthalate metabolite, were associated with trajectories of child adiposity. The total phthalate mixture was not associated with early life child adiposity.
背景/目的：体脂轨迹反映了生长的动态过程，并且可能比个体测量更好地预测后期的健康。产前邻苯二甲酸酯暴露可能会影响儿童后期的肥胖程度，但研究这些关联的结果存在冲突。我们研究了妊娠期间邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物浓度与儿童肥胖轨迹之间的关系。
我们对来自墨西哥城 PROGRESS 队列的 514 对母婴进行了随访，从怀孕到 12 年。我们测量了母亲在妊娠 2 期和 3 期尿液中 9 种邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物的浓度，使用几何均数创建了妊娠平均值。我们在 4 至 12 岁之间的 3 次研究访视中测量了儿童 BMI z 分数、脂肪量指数（FMI）和腰围身高比（WHtR）。我们使用多变量潜在类别增长建模来确定肥胖轨迹，考虑 BMI z 分数、FMI 和 WHtR 作为潜在肥胖的联合指标。我们使用多项逻辑回归估计了邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物与类别成员的关系。我们使用分位数 g 计算来估计总邻苯二甲酸酯混合物的潜在影响，并评估了性别对其的修饰作用。
我们确定了儿童肥胖的三种轨迹，分别是“低稳定”、“低高”和“高高”组。与“低稳定”组相比，双（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物（ΣDEHP）的总和增加一倍，与“高高”组的比值比为 1.53（1.08，2.19），而双异壬基邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物（ΣDiNP）增加一倍与“低高”轨迹的比值比为 1.43（1.02，2.02），而单（羧基异壬基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MCNP）与“低高”轨迹的比值比为 0.66（0.45，97）。未观察到性别特异性关联或混合物关联。
妊娠期间尿液中 DEHP 代谢物、DiNP 代谢物和 MCNP 的浓度与儿童肥胖轨迹有关。总邻苯二甲酸酯混合物与儿童早期肥胖无关。
