Fazili Mohammad Afaan, Bashir Irfan, Ahmad Mudasar, Yaqoob Ubaid, Geelani Syed Naseem
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP India.
Plant Biotechnology and Tissue Culture Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP India.
Bull Natl Res Cent. 2022;46(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s42269-022-00717-z. Epub 2022 Feb 19.
Plants are the prime source of vital secondary metabolites (SMs) which are medicinally important for drug development, and these secondary metabolites are often used by plants in the various important tasks like defense against herbivory, interspecies defenses and against different types of stresses. For humans, these secondary metabolites are important as medicines, pigments, flavorings and drugs. Because most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction, these medicinal plants are getting endangered.
Plant cell culture technologies are introduced as a viable mechanism for producing and studying SMs of plants. Various types of in vitro strategies (elicitation, hairy root culture system, suspension culture system, etc.) have been considerably used for the improvement of the production of SMs of plants. For the enhancement of SM production, suspension culture and elicitation are mainly used, but hairy root culture and other organ cultures are proved to satisfy the demand of secondary metabolites. Now, it is easy to control and manipulate the pathways that produce the plant secondary metabolites.
Techniques like plant cell, tissue and organ cultures provide a valuable method for the production of medicinally significant SMs. In recent years, most of the in vitro strategies are used due to knowledge and regulation of SM pathway in commercially valuable plants. In future, these things will provide a valuable method to sustain the feasibility of medicinal plants as the renewable sources of medicinally important compounds, and these methods will provide successful production of desired, important, valuable and also unknown compounds.
植物是重要次生代谢产物的主要来源，这些次生代谢产物对药物开发具有重要药用价值，植物常利用这些次生代谢产物来完成各种重要任务，如抵御食草动物、种间防御以及应对不同类型的胁迫。对人类而言，这些次生代谢产物作为药物、色素、调味剂和药物具有重要意义。由于大多数制药行业高度依赖药用植物及其提取物，这些药用植物正面临濒危。
植物细胞培养技术被引入作为生产和研究植物次生代谢产物的可行机制。各种体外策略（诱导、毛状根培养系统、悬浮培养系统等）已被大量用于提高植物次生代谢产物的产量。为提高次生代谢产物产量，主要采用悬浮培养和诱导，但毛状根培养和其他器官培养被证明能满足次生代谢产物的需求。现在，控制和操纵产生植物次生代谢产物的途径变得容易。
植物细胞、组织和器官培养等技术为生产具有药用意义的次生代谢产物提供了一种有价值的方法。近年来，由于对商业上有价值植物次生代谢途径的了解和调控，大多数体外策略被采用。未来，这些方法将为维持药用植物作为药用重要化合物可再生来源的可行性提供有价值的方法，并且这些方法将成功生产出所需的、重要的、有价值的以及未知的化合物。
