Chen Zanlin, Xie Miaojia, Zhao Fengguang, Han Shuangyan
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Foods. 2022 May 12;11(10):1404. doi: 10.3390/foods11101404.
Heavy metal pollution resulting from significant heavy metal waste discharge is increasingly serious. Traditional methods for the detection of heavy metal ions have high requirements on external conditions, so developing a sensitive, simple, and reproducible detection method is becoming an urgent need. The aptamer, as a new kind of artificial probe, has received more attention in recent years for its high sensitivity, easy acquisition, wide target range, and wide use in the detection of various harmful substances. The detection platform that an aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor (E-apt sensor) provides is a new approach for the detection of heavy metal ions. Nanomaterials are particularly important in the construction of E-apt sensors, as they can be used as aptamer carriers or sensitizers to stimulate or inhibit electrochemical signals, thus significantly improving the detection sensitivity. This review summarizes the application of different types of nanomaterials in E-apt sensors. The construction methods and research progress of the E-apt sensor based on different working principles are systematically introduced. Moreover, the advantages and challenges of the E-apt sensor in heavy metal ion detection are summarized.
大量重金属废物排放导致的重金属污染日益严重。传统的重金属离子检测方法对外部条件要求较高，因此开发一种灵敏、简便且可重复的检测方法已成为迫切需求。适配体作为一种新型人工探针，近年来因其高灵敏度、易于获取、目标范围广以及在各种有害物质检测中的广泛应用而受到更多关注。基于适配体的电化学生物传感器（E-apt传感器）提供的检测平台是检测重金属离子的一种新方法。纳米材料在E-apt传感器的构建中尤为重要，因为它们可用作适配体载体或敏化剂来刺激或抑制电化学信号，从而显著提高检测灵敏度。本文综述了不同类型纳米材料在E-apt传感器中的应用。系统介绍了基于不同工作原理的E-apt传感器的构建方法和研究进展。此外，还总结了E-apt传感器在重金属离子检测中的优势和挑战。
